ZeroHour

CVE-2026-89624

niche

Use-After-Free in Linux Kernel HID universal-pidff Force-Feedback Driver

CVSS 3.1
7.8 high
EPSS
Published
()
Modified
AI analysis

The Linux kernel's HID universal-pidff force-feedback driver calls hid_hw_start() but fails to stop the device when force-feedback initialization subsequently fails, leaving an orphaned /dev/hidrawX character device registered after the underlying device structures are freed. The flaw is triggered by a malicious or malformed HID device whose descriptor carries a PID (Physical Interface Device) usage page but no input reports, which lets hidraw claim the device (so hid_hw_start succeeds) while force-feedback init fails and the error path returns without cleanup; other ff-init failures (no output reports, allocation failure, bad effect count) reach the same path. Opening the surviving /dev/hidrawX then performs a use-after-free write from hidraw_open() -> hid_hw_open() -> the transport's open callback, which takes a spinlock inside freed memory, giving a local attacker potential kernel memory corruption with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (CVSS 7.8, local vector, low privileges required). In practice, exploitation requires a crafted USB force-feedback peripheral to be connected or local access to the resulting hidraw node, so systems using PID force-feedback hardware (e.g., sim-racing wheels and force-feedback joysticks) are the main concern. The flaw was disclosed responsibly (found by XBOW), no public proof-of-concept exists, it is not in CISA's KEV, and no exploitation is known.

What to do: Apply distribution kernel updates as soon as a build containing the fix (which calls hid_hw_stop() on the force-feedback init failure path) is available. In the meantime, restrict physical USB/HID peripheral access on sensitive hosts, consider blacklisting the universal-pidff driver (or disabling HID force feedback in kernel config) on machines that don't need force-feedback input devices, and tighten permissions on /dev/hidraw* nodes. Audit endpoints for unexpected or unknown HID/hidraw devices, especially on multi-user or publicly accessible Linux systems.

Affected
Linux kernel (HID universal-pidff force-feedback driver)
Estimated exposure
nichelikely only thousands to tens of thousands of systems (Linux machines with PID force-feedback peripherals attached) — The universal-pidff driver only binds to HID devices exposing PID force-feedback usage pages (e.g., sim-racing wheels and force-feedback joysticks), so the vulnerable path requires such hardware or a malicious peripheral to be present; no…

Order-of-magnitude estimate by the model from install counts, market share and public scan data it knows; verify before quoting.

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: universal-pidff: stop the device when force-feedback init fails universal_pidff_probe() starts the device with hid_hw_start() and then, if force-feedback initialisation fails, returns the error through a label that only does "return error". The device is left started. The HID core does not unwind on the driver's behalf. __hid_device_probe() releases the devres group, closes the report and clears hdev->driver: if (ret) { devres_release_group(&hdev->dev, hdev->devres_group_id); hid_close_report(hdev); hdev->driver = NULL; } The hidraw character device that hid_hw_start() registered through hid_connect() is allocated with kzalloc() and added with cdev_device_add(), so it is not devres-managed and survives that. With hdev->driver NULL, hid_device_remove() skips hid_hw_stop() as well, because it only unwinds while a driver is still attached. The registration therefore outlives the device on both paths. Opening the surviving /dev/hidrawX writes into freed memory. KASAN reports a use-after-free write from hidraw_open() -> hid_hw_open() -> the transport's open callback, which takes a spinlock inside the freed object. A descriptor that carries a PID usage page and no input reports is enough: hidraw claims the device so hid_hw_start() succeeds, while hid->inputs stays empty so force-feedback init fails. The other failure returns in hid_pidff_init_with_quirks() - no output reports, an allocation failure, pidff_init_fields(), pidff_check_autocenter(), an unusable effect count, input_ff_create() - all reach the same label. Stop the device on that path. hid-dr.c and hid-emsff.c, which start the device with the same HID_CONNECT_DEFAULT & ~HID_CONNECT_FF mask, already do this. The two earlier gotos must keep returning without hid_hw_stop(), since neither has a started device, so give the path that fails after the start its own label. Discovered by XBOW, triaged by Baul Lee

Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

In the news

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