Vulnerabilities

Commerce PayPal, the PayPal payment-gateway integration module for Drupal Commerce maintained by Centarro, contains an incorrect authorization flaw (CWE-863) that Drupal classifies as Forceful Browsing. Because the module fails to correctly enforce its access checks, an unauthenticated remote attacker can request protected routes or endpoints handled by the module and reach content or functionality they should not be able to access; the CVSS vector (network vector, no privileges, no user interaction, high confidentiality and integrity impact, no availability impact) indicates the attacker can both read sensitive data and modify data or state. Every published version of the module is affected, since both the 1.x line through 1.12.0 and the 2.x line through 2.1.3 fall within the affected ranges, so any Drupal site running Commerce PayPal is exposed. There is currently no known public proof-of-concept, the flaw is not in CISA KEV, and EPSS assigns a low 0.2% probability of exploitation within 30 days, so no exploitation in the wild has been confirmed.

Do: Update Commerce PayPal to the first release published after 1.12.0 on the 1.x branch or after 2.1.3 on the 2.x branch, distributed via drupal.org. Until patched, review web-server logs for unauthenticated requests to the module's routes and audit recent PayPal orders and transactions for unauthorized access or changes. Take care that any network-level mitigation does not block PayPal's server-to-server callbacks (webhooks/IPN), which must remain publicly reachable.

Kata Containers is an open source project focusing on a standard implementation of lightweight Virtual Machines (VMs) that perform like containers. Versions prior to 3.31.0 ship with a default configuration that allows pod creators to inject arbitrary command-line arguments into the virtiofsd process through the `io.katacontainers.config.hypervisor.virtio_fs_extra_args` pod annotation. By injecting `-o source=/` along with `--no-announce-submounts` and `--sandbox=none`, an attacker can override the virtiofsd shared directory to serve the entire host root filesystem into the guest VM. Combined with the `kernel_params` annotation (also enabled by default) to activate the agent debug console, the attacker can mount the host filesystem from inside the VM and read or write any file on the host, including /etc/shadow. Version 3.31.0 patches the issue.

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ("Cross-site Scripting") vulnerability in Drupal Anti-Spam by CleanTalk allows Reflected XSS. This issue affects Anti-Spam by CleanTalk versions: from 0.0.0 to 9.7.1.

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ("Cross-site Scripting") vulnerability in Drupal Commerce Core allows Stored XSS. This issue affects Commerce Core versions: from 3.3.0 to 3.3.6.

Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 7.0.0, backup.GetInfo() trusts the inline backup/index.yaml config when present and only falls back to parsing the legacy backup/container/backup.yaml file if result.Config == nil. As a result, an archive can carry a valid inline config that passes the initial import preflight while also carrying a malformed legacy backup/container/backup.yaml file that is reparsed later from the restored file system. ParseConfigYamlFile() accepts YAML documents with no container section, and multiple downstream consumers then dereference. Container without checking for nil. Confirmed examples in the instance restore and import flow include backup.UpdateInstanceConfig() and internalImportFromBackup(). An authenticated user with permission to import instance backups may be able to crash the Incus daemon with a crafted backup archive whose inline backup/index.yaml is valid but whose extracted legacy backup.yaml omits container. The crash occurs in the restore path after archive extraction has begun. This issue has been patched in version 7.0.0.

A low privileged remote attacker can gain the root password due to improper removal of sensitive information before storage or transfer.

Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. In versions before 7.0.0, missing validation logic in the storage volume import logic allows an authenticated user with access to the storage volume feature to cause the Incus daemon to crash. The backup restore subsystem contains an out-of-bounds panic vulnerability caused by an invalid bounds check when indexing snapshot metadata arrays, and the same flawed pattern also appears in the migration path. When iterating through physical snapshots provided in a backup archive, the loop uses the index to look up corresponding metadata in the parsed `Config.Snapshots` and `Config.VolumeSnapshots` slices. The guard condition `len(slice) >= i-1` is incorrect because it can still evaluate to true when the subsequent slice[i] access is out of bounds. An attacker can submit a backup archive that contains physical snapshot directories while supplying a tampered `index.yaml` with an empty or truncated snapshot metadata array, causing the daemon to index beyond the end of the metadata slice and crash. Repeated use of this issue can be used to keep Incus offline, causing a denial of service. This issue is fixed in version 7.0.0.

lxc is a Linux container runtime. In the setuid helper lxc-user-nic, the delete path contains a logic flaw in the find_line() function that allows an unprivileged user to delete OVS-attached network interfaces belonging to other users. When lxc-user-nic delete scans its NIC database to authorize a deletion request, the interface name comparison can set the authorization flag based on a name match alone, even when the ownership, type, and link fields in that database entry belong to a different user. The vulnerable check sits after the goto next label handling, meaning it is reachable on lines where earlier ownership checks failed or were skipped. Because nothing downstream of this authorization signal re-verifies that the matched database line actually belongs to the caller, an unprivileged attacker with a valid lxc-usernet policy entry can trigger deletion of another user's OVS port on the same bridge. This is limited to multi-tenant environments using lxc-user-nic with OpenVSwitch bridges. The impact is denial of service - one tenant can repeatedly disconnect networking from containers run by another tenant on shared infrastructure. This is patched in version 7.0.0.

Incus is an open source container and virtual machine manager. In versions prior to 7.0.0, the image import flow issues an outbound HEAD request to a user-supplied URL before validating the request against project restrictions such as restricted.images.servers. The imgPostURLInfo function constructs and sends a HEAD request directly from the attacker-supplied source URL to resolve image metadata, and this network interaction occurs before the flow reaches the point where the import would be rejected by policy. Although the actual image download is blocked by the project restriction, an authenticated user can coerce the daemon into making blind HEAD requests to arbitrary destinations. These requests include server metadata in custom headers (Incus-Server-Architectures, Incus-Server-Version), which discloses information about the host environment to the attacker-controlled endpoint. This blind SSRF primitive can be used to probe internal services, unroutable address space, or cloud metadata endpoints reachable from the host. This vulnerability pattern is similar to CVE-2026-24767. This issue has been fixed in version 7.0.0.

A weakness has been identified in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This vulnerability affects the function handle_opt of the file /src/net_builtin.c of the component TCP Option Handler. This manipulation of the argument optlen causes infinite loop. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Upgrading to version 7.21 is able to resolve this issue. Upgrading the affected component is advised. VulDB has contacted the vendor early and they confirmed quickly, that this issue got fixed already.

Kata Containers is an open source project focusing on a standard implementation of lightweight Virtual Machines (VMs) that perform like containers. From v3.4.0 to v3.28.0, an oversight in the CopyFile policy (and perhaps the CopyFile handler) allows untrusted hosts to write to arbitrary locations inside the guest workload image. This can be used to overwrite binaries inside the guest and exfiltrate data from containers; even those running inside CVMs. This vulnerability is fixed in v3.29.0.

gdown is a Google Drive public file/folder downloader. Versions prior to 5.2.2 are vulnerable to a Path Traversal attack within the extractall functionality. When extracting a maliciously crafted ZIP or TAR archive, the library fails to sanitize or validate the filenames of the archive members. This allow files to be written outside the intended destination directory, potentially leading to arbitrary file overwrite and Remote Code Execution (RCE). Version 5.2.2 contains a fix.

ResourceSpace 8.6 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the keywords parameter in collection_edit.php. Attackers can submit POST requests with crafted SQL payloads in the keywords field to extract sensitive database information including schema names, user credentials, and other confidential data.

Aardvark-dns is an authoritative dns server for A/AAAA container records. From 1.16.0 to 1.17.0, a truncated TCP DNS query followed by a connection reset causes aardvark-dns to enter an unrecoverable infinite error loop at 100% CPU. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.17.1.

ResourceSpace 8.6 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the 'ref' parameter. Attackers can send GET requests to the watched_searches.php endpoint with crafted SQL payloads to extract sensitive database information including usernames and credentials.

A vulnerability has been found in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This affects the function mg_tls_recv_cert of the file mongoose.c of the component TLS 1.3 Handler. Such manipulation of the argument pubkey leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 7.21 mitigates this issue. The name of the patch is 0d882f1b43ff2308b7486a56a9d60cd6dba8a3f1. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.

Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Incus instances have an option to provide credentials to systemd in the guest. For containers, this is handled through a shared directory. Prior to version 6.23.0, an attacker can set a configuration key named something like `systemd.credential.../../../../../../root/.bashrc` to cause Incus to write outside of the `credentials` directory associated with the container. This makes use of the fact that the Incus syntax for such credentials is `systemd.credential.XYZ` where `XYZ` can itself contain more periods. While it's not possible to read any data this way, it's possible to write to arbitrary files as root, enabling both privilege escalation and denial of service attacks. Version 6.23.0 fixes the issue.

Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 6.23.0, instance template files can be used to cause arbitrary read or writes as root on the host server. Incus allows for pongo2 templates within instances which can be used at various times in the instance lifecycle to template files inside of the instance. This particular implementation of pongo2 within Incus allowed for file read/write but with the expectation that the pongo2 chroot feature would isolate all such access to the instance's filesystem. This was allowed such that a template could theoretically read a file and then generate a new version of said file. Unfortunately the chroot isolation mechanism is entirely skipped by pongo2 leading to easy access to the entire system's filesystem with root privileges. Version 6.23.0 patches the issue.

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ("Cross-site Scripting") vulnerability in Drupal Anti-Spam by CleanTalk allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).This issue affects Anti-Spam by CleanTalk: from 0.0.0 before 9.7.0.

Intake is a package for finding, investigating, loading and disseminating data. Prior to version 2.0.9, the shell() syntax within parameter default values appears to be automatically expanded during the catalog parsing process. If a catalog contains a parameter default such as shell( ), the command may be executed when the catalog source is accessed. This means that if a user loads a malicious catalog YAML, embedded commands could execute on the host system. Version 2.0.9 mitigates the issue by making getshell False by default everywhere.

Agenta is an open-source LLMOps platform. In Agenta-API prior to version 0.48.1, a Python sandbox escape vulnerability existed in Agenta's custom code evaluator. Agenta used RestrictedPython as a sandboxing mechanism for user-supplied evaluator code, but incorrectly whitelisted the `numpy` package as safe within the sandbox. This allowed authenticated users to bypass the sandbox and achieve arbitrary code execution on the API server. The escape path was through `numpy.ma.core.inspect`, which exposes Python's introspection utilities — including `sys.modules` — thereby providing access to unfiltered system-level functionality like `os.system`. This vulnerability affects the Agenta self-hosted platform (API server), not the SDK when used as a standalone Python library. The custom code evaluator runs server-side within the API process. The issue is fixed in v0.48.1 by removing `numpy` from the sandbox allowlist. In later versions (v0.60+), the RestrictedPython sandbox was removed entirely and replaced with a different execution model.

A security vulnerability has been detected in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This affects the function getpeer of the file /src/net_builtin.c of the component TCP Sequence Number Handler. The manipulation leads to improper verification of source of a communication channel. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is reported as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Kata Containers is an open source project focusing on a standard implementation of lightweight Virtual Machines (VMs) that perform like containers. In versions prior to 3.27.0, an issue in Kata with Cloud Hypervisor allows a user of the container to modify the file system used by the Guest micro VM ultimately achieving arbitrary code execution as root in said VM. The current understanding is this doesn’t impact the security of the Host or of other containers / VMs running on that Host (note that arm64 QEMU lacks NVDIMM read-only support: It is believed that until the upstream QEMU gains this capability, a guest write could reach the image file). Version 3.27.0 patches the issue.

A vulnerability was identified in ZenTao up to 21.7.8. Affected by this issue is the function delete of the file editor/control.php of the component Committer. Such manipulation of the argument filePath leads to path traversal. Upgrading to version 21.7.9 can resolve this issue. The affected component should be upgraded.

A weakness has been identified in ZenTao up to 21.7.6-85642. The impacted element is the function fetchHook of the file module/webhook/model.php of the component Webhook Module. This manipulation causes server-side request forgery. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Kata Containers is an open source project focusing on a standard implementation of lightweight Virtual Machines (VMs) that perform like containers. In versions prior to 3.26.0, when a container image is malformed or contains no layers, containerd falls back to bind-mounting an empty snapshotter directory for the container rootfs. When the Kata runtime attempts to mount the container rootfs, the bind mount causes the rootfs to be detected as a block device, leading to the underlying device being hotplugged to the guest. This can cause filesystem-level errors on the host due to double inode allocation, and may lead to the host's block device being mounted as read-only. Version 3.26.0 contains a patch for the issue.

Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Versions 6.21.0 and below allow a user with the ability to launch a container with a custom image (e.g a member of the ‘incus’ group) to use directory traversal or symbolic links in the templating functionality to achieve host arbitrary file read, and host arbitrary file write. This ultimately results in arbitrary command execution on the host. When using an image with a metadata.yaml containing templates, both the source and target paths are not checked for symbolic links or directory traversal. This can also be exploited in IncusOS. A fix is planned for versions 6.0.6 and 6.21.0, but they have not been released at the time of publication.

Sourcecodester Covid-19 Contact Tracing System 1.0 is vulnerable to RCE (Remote Code Execution). The application receives a reverse shell (php) into imagem of the user enabling RCE.

QOCA aim AI Medical Cloud Platform developed by Quanta Computer has an Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to upload and execute web shell backdoors, thereby enabling arbitrary code execution on the server.