Vulnerabilities

Since the encryption algorithm used to protect firmware updates is itself encrypted using key material available to an attacker (or anyone paying attention), the firmware updates may be altered by an unauthorized user, and then trusted by a Unitree product, such as the Unitree Go2 and other models. This issue appears to affect all of Unitree’s current offerings as of February 26, 2026, and so should be considered a vulnerability in both the firmware generation and extraction processes. At the time of this release, there is no publicly-documented mechanism to subvert the update process and insert poisoned firmware packages without the equipment owner’s knowledge.

Unitree Go2 firmware versions V1.1.7 through V1.1.9, and V1.1.11 (EDU) do not implement DDS authentication or authorization for the Eclipse CycloneDDS topic rt/api/programming_actuator/request handled by actuator_manager.py. A network-adjacent, unauthenticated attacker can join DDS domain 0 and publish a crafted message (api_id=1002) containing arbitrary Python, which the robot writes to disk under /unitree/etc/programming/ and binds to a physical controller keybinding. When the keybinding is pressed, the code executes as root and the binding persists across reboots.

Multiple robotic products by Unitree sharing a common firmware, including the Go2, G1, H1, and B2 devices, contain a command injection vulnerability. By setting a malicious string when configuring the on-board WiFi via a BLE module of an affected robot, then triggering a restart of the WiFi service, an attacker can ultimately trigger commands to be run as root via the wpa_supplicant_restart.sh shell script. All Unitree models use firmware derived from the same codebase (MIT Cheetah), and the two major forks are the G1 (humanoid) and Go2 (quadruped) branches.

Unitree Go1 <= Go1_2022_05_11 is vulnerale to Incorrect Access Control due to authentication credentials being hardcoded in plaintext.

The Go1 also known as "The World's First Intelligence Bionic Quadruped Robot Companion of Consumer Level," contains an undocumented backdoor that can enable the manufacturer, and anyone in possession of the correct API key, complete remote control over the affected robotic device using the CloudSail remote access service.

Lack of authentication vulnerability. An unauthenticated local user is able to see through the cameras using the web server due to the lack of any form of authentication.

Using off-the-shelf commodity hardware, the Unitree Go 1 robotics platform version H0.1.7 and H0.1.9 (using firmware version 0.1.35) can be powered down by an attacker within normal RF range without authentication. Other versions may be affected, such as the A1.