Nation-state actor exploited three Ivanti CSA zero
Vulnerabilities mentionedAll →
| CVE | Vulnerability | CVSS | EPSS | Flags | Affected | Exposure | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2024-8190 | OS Command Injection RCE in Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance 4.6 Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance versions 4.6 Patch 518 and before contain an OS command injection flaw (CWE-78) that allows a remote, authenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution. The attacker must already hold administrator-level privileges on the appliance, and exploitation is triggered by sending crafted input to the appliance over the network. Successful exploitation yields arbitrary command execution on the CSA, and related reporting indicates nation-state actors have been exploiting Ivanti CSA flaws for network infiltration, including attacks on French government and telecom targets. Only organizations still running CSA 4.6.x are affected, and that product line has reached end-of-life and will not receive further security updates. The vulnerability was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2024-09-13 and carries a very high EPSS score (88.5%, 100th percentile), signaling confirmed and likely ongoing exploitation in the wild. Do: Because CSA 4.6.x has reached end-of-life, remove CSA 4.6.x from service or migrate to the supported 5.0.x line, as future 4.6.x flaws are unlikely to receive fixes. Given confirmed nation-state exploitation, hunt for signs of compromise such as unexpected admin sessions, processes, or network tunnels, and restrict internet exposure of any remaining 4.6.x appliances in the interim. | 7.2 | 89% | KEV |
| moderateroughly 1,000–2,000 internet-exposed CSA appliances (public internet scan counts) | |
| CVE-2024-8963 | Unauthenticated Path Traversal in Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance CVE-2024-8963 is a path traversal vulnerability (CWE-22) in the Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance (CSA), a virtual appliance used to remotely manage Ivanti Endpoint Manager environments. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can send crafted requests containing directory traversal sequences to reach restricted functionality without any credentials. Successful exploitation grants access to restricted (including administrative) functions on the appliance, and public reporting indicates it has been chained with other CSA zero-day flaws by nation-state attackers to infiltrate networks. All CSA 4.6.x releases before Patch 519 are affected, and the 4.6.x product line has reached end-of-life, meaning future 4.6.x vulnerabilities will not receive fixes. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: CISA added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2024-09-19, and multiple outlets report Chinese-linked actors exploiting CSA zero-days against French government, telecom and other critical-infrastructure targets. Do: Upgrade CSA 4.6.x to Patch 519 or later, or move to the supported 5.0.x line; because 4.6.x is end-of-life, CISA urges removing CSA 4.6.x from service or migrating to 5.0.x rather than relying on future 4.6.x patches. Until patched, restrict or remove internet exposure of CSA appliances and review logs for unauthenticated access to restricted functionality, since this flaw is being chained with other CSA vulnerabilities in targeted intrusions. | 9.1 | 99% | KEV |
| moderate≈1,000–2,000 internet-exposed CSA appliances (order of magnitude; installed base larger if internal-only deployments are counted) | |
| CVE-2024-9380 | OS Command Injection RCE in Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance Admin Console CVE-2024-9380 is an OS command injection flaw (CWE-77/CWE-78) in the admin web console of Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance (CSA), fixed in version 5.0.2. A remote attacker who is already authenticated with administrative privileges can inject arbitrary operating system commands through the console, which the appliance then executes. Successful exploitation yields remote code execution with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS 3.1: 7.2). All CSA releases before 5.0.2 are affected, and the widely deployed 4.6.x line has reached End-of-Life, so EOL users must remove it from service or move to 5.0.x or later. The flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2024-10-09, and contemporaneous reporting describes Chinese nation-state actors exploiting Ivanti CSA zero-days against French government and telecom targets, with a 63.2% EPSS probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile). Do: Upgrade Ivanti CSA to 5.0.2 or later; if you are running the End-of-Life 4.6.x line, either remove it from service or migrate to the supported 5.0.x line, per CISA's KEV required action. Restrict exposure of the admin web console (do not leave it directly internet-facing) and verify whether your appliance was targeted. Given reported nation-state exploitation of CSA zero-days, review appliance logs and admin credentials for signs of compromise. | 7.2 | 63% | KEV |
| moderate≈ a few thousand internet-exposed CSA appliances; total installed base likely in the low tens of thousands |
Full article547 words · extracted from securityaffairs.com · click to collapse
An alleged nation-state actor exploited three zero-day vulnerabilities in Ivanti Cloud Service Appliance (CSA) in recent attacks.
Fortinet FortiGuard Labs researchers warn that a suspected nation-state actor has been exploiting three Ivanti Cloud Service Appliance (CSA) zero-day issues to carry out malicious activities.
The three vulnerabilities exploited by the threat actor are:
- CVE-2024-9380 (CVSS score: 7.2) – an OS command injection vulnerability in the admin web console of Ivanti CSA before version 5.0.2. A remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges can exploit the vulnerability to achieve remote code execution.
- CVE-2024-8190 (CVSS score: 7.2) – A command injection vulnerability in Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance versions 4.6 Patch 518 and before. A remote authenticated attacker can exploit the flaw to obtain remote code execution. The attacker must have admin level privileges to exploit this vulnerability.
- CVE-2024-8963 (CVSS score: 9.4) – A path traversal vulnerability in the Ivanti CSA before 4.6 Patch 519. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can exploit the vulnerability to access restricted functionality.
“an advanced adversary was observed exploiting three vulnerabilities affecting the Ivanti Cloud Services Appliance (CSA). At the time of our investigation, two out of the three identified vulnerabilities were not publicly known. This incident is a prime example of how threat actors chain zero-day vulnerabilities to gain initial access to a victim’s network.” reads the advisory published by Fortinet.
Threat actors exploited the zero-day flaws to gain unauthenticated access to the CSA, enumerate users configured in the CSA appliance, and attempt to access their credentials. Then, once obtained gsbadmin and admin credentials, attackers used them to exploit a command injection flaw in /gsb/reports.php, and deploy a web shell (“help.php”).
“Command injection was found to be exploited in the following format, where a php script /subin/tripwire was executed with the parameter –update, followed by a semicolon and a malicious command.” reads the advisory.
“The first malicious command injected by the threat actor was used to create a web shell called help.php in the CSA webroot folder under the /gsb directory.”
On September 10, 2024, after Ivanti released an advisory for CVE-2024-8190, a threat actor still in the victim’s network “patched” exploited command injection vulnerabilities in DateTimeTab.php and reports.php, likely to prevent other intruders from exploiting them. The actor replaced semicolons with underscores in the POST parameters TW_ID and TIMEZONE, rendering these vulnerabilities ineffective. This technique, confirmed through testing, shows the threat actor’s intent to secure exclusive access to the compromised environment.
The threat actor created multiple web shells and altered the legitimate syslog.php file by appending malicious code, converting it into a web shell for further exploitation.
During memory analysis, Fortinet researchers found evidence that the threat actor used a ReverseSocks5 proxy tool for internal network attacks via the CSA appliance. On September 7, 2024, logs revealed an attempt to deploy a Linux kernel module rootkit on the compromised systems, likely to maintain persistent access, even after a factory reset. This aligns with reports of Ivanti CSA appliance compromises.
“The advanced adversaries were observed exploiting and chaining zero-day vulnerabilities to establish beachhead access in the victim’s network. You can read more about the Ivanti CSA zero-day attack in our Threat Signal Report: https://www.fortiguard.com/threat-signal-report/5556.” concludes the report.
Follow me on Twitter: @securityaffairs and Facebook
(SecurityAffairs – hacking, Ivanti CSA)
Text extracted automatically; images, tables and formatting may be missing. Original: https://securityaffairs.com/169778/apt/ivanti-cloud-service-appliance-three-zero.html