A PostgreSQL zero-day was also exploited in US Treasury hack (CVE-2025-1094)

BeyondTrust Privileged Remote Access (PRA) and Remote Support (RS) contain an unauthenticated command injection flaw (CWE-77) that allows a remote attacker to inject commands that are executed as a site user. The vulnerability is network-facing with low attack complexity and requires no privileges or user interaction (CVSS 3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), so any attacker who can reach the affected PRA/RS interface can trigger it. Successful exploitation yields arbitrary command execution in the context of the site user, with high impact ratings for confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Any organization running BeyondTrust PRA or RS — particularly where those remote-access/remote-support services are exposed to the internet — is affected; the available data does not specify affected version ranges. The flaw is being actively exploited: it was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2024-12-19, carries an 88% EPSS probability of exploitation within 30 days (100th percentile), and was reportedly used in the breach of the U.S. Treasury alongside a PostgreSQL vulnerability.

Do: Apply BeyondTrust's patches or vendor-specified mitigations immediately — remediation is mandatory for U.S. federal agencies under the KEV listing, and the source data does not include fixed build numbers, so confirm the correct upgrade version in BeyondTrust's security bulletin. As an interim measure, restrict or remove internet exposure of PRA/RS endpoints and hunt for signs of exploitation (unexpected commands executed as the site user), noting this flaw was used in the U.S. Treasury intrusion. If mitigations are unavailable, CISA's required action is to discontinue use of the product.

Improper neutralization of quoting syntax (CWE-149) in PostgreSQL's libpq functions PQescapeLiteral(), PQescapeIdentifier(), PQescapeString(), and PQescapeStringConn(), and in PostgreSQL command-line utility programs, allows SQL injection. SQL injection is triggered when an application takes attacker-influenced database input, escapes it with these functions, and uses the result to construct input passed to the psql interactive terminal; the command-line utility variant requires client_encoding BIG5 with server_encoding EUC_TW or MULE_INTERNAL. An attacker who exploits this can run arbitrary SQL, with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (CVSS 3.1: 8.1, high). All PostgreSQL releases before 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16, and 13.19 are affected across cloud and self-hosted deployments, though real-world exploitability depends on the specific usage patterns described. The flaw was exploited as a zero-day before the fixes, including in the US Treasury Department breach and in targeted attacks chained with a BeyondTrust zero-day, and EPSS puts the 30-day exploitation probability at 90%.

Do: Upgrade all PostgreSQL installations to version 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16, or 13.19 (or later). Audit application code paths that pass libpq-escaped values (PQescapeLiteral/PQescapeIdentifier/PQescapeString/PQescapeStringConn) into psql, and check any use of PostgreSQL command-line utilities where client_encoding is BIG5 and server_encoding is EUC_TW or MULE_INTERNAL. Because this flaw was chained with the BeyondTrust zero-day in targeted attacks, review the exposure of remote-access appliances and hunt for anomalous SQL/psql activity.