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CrowdStrike warns of uptick in Silk Typhoon attacks this summer

criticalExploit / PoC exploited in the wildimportance 60CVE-2023-3519CVE-2025-3928

Vulnerabilities mentionedAll →

CVEVulnerabilityCVSSEPSSFlagsAffectedExposurePublished
CVE-2023-3519
Unauthenticated RCE in Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway

CVE-2023-3519 is a critical (CVSS 9.8) unauthenticated remote code execution flaw caused by improper code-injection handling (CWE-94) in Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway. A remote attacker with no credentials can trigger it by sending crafted requests to an appliance configured as a Gateway (VPN/ICA proxy/RDP proxy) or AAA authentication virtual server, gaining arbitrary code execution on the appliance. Exploitation typically yields a foothold behind the VPN edge — access to internal networks, credential theft, and follow-on activity such as espionage or ransomware deployment. Any organization running unpatched NetScaler ADC/Gateway appliances, especially internet-facing remote-access endpoints, is affected; NetScaler is one of the most widely deployed enterprise VPN/ADC platforms. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw was added to CISA's KEV on 2023-07-19 with known ransomware use, EPSS estimates a 99.7% exploitation probability, and researchers have linked activity to China-nexus espionage (Silk Typhoon) and ransomware operations.

Do: Immediately upgrade internet-facing NetScaler ADC/Gateway appliances to the fixed builds in Citrix's advisory (14.1-8.50+, 13.1-49.13+, 13.0-82.45+, 12.1-55.300+, including FIPS/NDcPP equivalents) — per CISA KEV, apply these mitigations or discontinue use if patching is unavailable. Confirm whether each appliance is configured as a Gateway or AAA virtual server (only those are affected), and hunt for compromise — unexpected configuration changes, unfamiliar accounts, webshells, or anomalous VPN sessions — rotating credentials on any suspected compromise.

9.8100% KEV ransomware PoC
  • Citrix NetScaler ADC Supported releases before the July 2023 fixes, per Citrix advisory: 14.1 before 14.1-8.50; 13.1 before 13.1-49.13; 13.0 before 13.0-82.45; 12.1 before 12.1-55.3
  • Citrix NetScaler Gateway Same affected builds as NetScaler ADC (before 14.1-8.50, 13.1-49.13, 13.0-82.45, 12.1-55.300, and FIPS/NDcPP equivalents); affected when the appliance serves as
largetens of thousands of internet-exposed NetScaler Gateway/ADC appliances (order 10k-100k at disclosure), serving hundreds of thousands to millions of downstream…
CVE-2025-3928
Actively Exploited Authenticated Webshell Flaw in Commvault Web Server

CVE-2025-3928 is an unspecified vulnerability in the Commvault Web Server, the web administration component of Commvault's data protection platform, which can be exploited over the network by a remote attacker who holds valid (low-privilege) authenticated access. According to the Commvault advisory, attackers use the flaw to create and execute webshells on the web server, and the CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 (High) reflects high impact to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the vulnerable web server component. It affects Commvault Web Server on both Windows and Linux across the supported release streams, with fixes delivered in 11.36.46, 11.32.89, 11.28.141, and 11.20.217. CISA added the flaw to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2025-04-28, and Commvault has confirmed that hackers exploited it in the wild as a zero-day, with related reporting noting heightened Silk Typhoon (Chinese nation-state) attack activity. No public proof-of-concept is known, but the confirmed real-world zero-day exploitation makes patching urgent.

Do: Upgrade the Commvault Web Server to 11.36.46, 11.32.89, 11.28.141, or 11.20.217, matching your current release stream, on both Windows and Linux platforms. Because the flaw was exploited as a zero-day, hunt for attacker-created webshells and unexpected accounts, scripts, or scheduled tasks on Commvault web server hosts, review authentication logs for suspicious logins, and restrict the Commvault web interface to trusted networks. Federal agencies must apply vendor mitigations per CISA instructions or follow BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use if mitigations are unavailable.

8.72% KEV
  • Commvault Web Server Commvault Web Server on Windows and Linux, versions prior to the fixes in each supported release stream: 11.36 before 11.36.46, 11.32 before 11.32.89, 11.28 bef
large≈ tens of thousands of enterprise deployments worldwide (one Web Server per Commvault environment); internet-exposed instances likely in the thousands
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The China-affiliated espionage group, which CrowdStrike tracks as Murky Panda, has been linked to more than a dozen incident response cases since late spring.

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The Chinese national flag flies outside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing on July 26, 2023. (Photo by GREG BAKER/AFP via Getty Images)
The Chinese national flag flies outside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing on July 26, 2023. (Photo by GREG BAKER/AFP via Getty Images)

The Chinese state-backed threat group Silk Typhoon has raised the pace of attacks targeting government, technology, legal and professional services in North America since late spring, according to CrowdStrike.

“We were calling this jokingly, ‘the summer of Murky Panda,’ because we’ve seen so much activity from them over the last couple of months,” said Adam Meyers, senior vice president of counter adversary operations at CrowdStrike, using the firm’s nomenclature for the cyberespionage group.

CrowdStrike has worked on more than a dozen cases involving Murky Panda during the past few months, including two active incident response cases, Meyers said. The group, which has been active since at least 2023, is “one of the top-tier Chinese threats that we’ve been seeing a lot this summer,” he said.

Murky Panda exemplifies how Chinese attackers are gaining access to victim networks and infrastructure via vulnerabilities, unmanaged devices, the cloud and pivots between cloud services. 

The group’s advanced techniques in cloud environments are evident, as it enables prolonged access and lateral movement to downstream victims by abusing delegated administrative privileges in cloud solution providers, CrowdStrike said in a research report released Thursday.

Once Murky Panda compromises a cloud solutions provider it can access any cloud tenant that has granted them access, Meyers said. These types of ”trusted-relationship compromises” in the cloud are rare and only conducted by a few groups, including Murky Panda, which makes this method of initial access less monitored and harder to detect.

“A lot of organizations have rushed to implement cloud over the last couple of years, and they may have done so without fully understanding or appreciating how the cloud works,” Meyers added.

Murky Panda’s attack pathways are assorted. The group has rapidly exploited n-day and zero-day vulnerabilities, including CVE-2023-3519 affecting Citrix NetScaler products and CVE-2025-3928 affecting Commvault Web Server, according to CrowdStrike. (Editor’s note: After this story’s initial publication, CrowdStrike removed the reference to the Commvault CVE. When asked why by CyberScoop, the company did not elaborate further.)

Researchers have also observed Murky Panda exploiting internet-facing appliances, including small office/home office devices, for initial access. 

CrowdStrike’s findings expand upon research Microsoft Threat Intelligence released in March indicating Silk Typhoon shifted tactics in late 2024 to broaden access and enable follow-on attacks against downstream customers of its initial targets.

The Justice Department in March unsealed indictments charging 12 Chinese nationals for their alleged involvement in a vast espionage campaign, including multiple attacks on U.S. government agencies. Two alleged members of Silk Typhoon, Yin Kecheng and Zhou Shuai, were among those indicted.

Yet, attacks from China-sponsored threat groups haven’t waned. CrowdStrike tracked a 40% year-over-year increase in cloud-intrusion activity from China-sponsored threat groups through June, including attacks linked to Murky Panda. Intrusions of all sorts linked to China jumped 150% over the same period.

“A lot of the activity we’ve seen from China is tied to geopolitical issues and initiatives that they’re following, and Murky Panda is a subset of that,” Meyers said. As China continues to “use offensive cyber tools to position their own geopolitical initiatives, you’ll see more intrusions.”

Update, Aug. 22, 2025: This story has been updated to reflect a change in the information shared by CrowdStrike.

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Text extracted automatically; images, tables and formatting may be missing. Original: https://cyberscoop.com/crowdstrike-silk-typhoon-murky-panda-china-espionage/