Nearly 1 million Windows devices targeted in advanced “malvertising” spree

Nearly 1 million Windows devices were targeted in recent months by a sophisticated “malvertising” campaign that surreptitiously stole login credentials, cryptocurrency, and other sensitive information from infected machines, Microsoft said.

The campaign began in December, when the attackers, who remain unknown, seeded websites with links that downloaded ads from malicious servers. The links led targeted machines through several intermediary sites until finally arriving at repositories on Microsoft-owned GitHub, which hosted a raft of malicious files.

Chain of events

The malware was loaded in four stages, each of which acted as a building block for the next. Early stages collected device information, presumably to tailor configurations for the later ones. Later ones disabled malware detection apps and connected to command-and-control servers; affected devices remained infected even after being rebooted.

“Depending on the second-stage payload, either one or multiple executables are dropped onto the compromised device, and sometimes an accompanying encoded PowerShell script,” Microsoft researchers wrote Thursday. “These files initiate a chain of events that conduct command execution, payload delivery, defensive evasion, persistence, C2 communications, and data exfiltration.”

A broad overview of the four stages.

Credit: Microsoft

The campaign targeted “nearly” 1 million devices belonging both to individuals and a wide range of organizations and industries. The indiscriminate approach indicates the campaign was opportunistic, meaning it attempted to ensnare anyone, rather than targeting certain individuals, organizations, or industries. GitHub was the platform primarily used to host the malicious payload stages, but Discord and Dropbox were also used.