Search: “cogs”

Re: Retrospective by 'gpg.fail' authors

Sam James replies to GnuPG author Werner Koch that upstream may freely adopt stricter -W compiler warnings, while distros should avoid blanket -Werror.

This is an oss-security mailing list reply by Sam James (Gentoo toolchain maintainer) to Werner Koch in the thread on the 'gpg.fail' authors' retrospective about GnuPG. James states that upstream projects like GnuPG should feel free to enable whatever -W* warning flags they need. He adds that distributions should not use -Werror indiscriminately, allowing narrow exceptions such as -Werror=format-security, and may reject warning-driven bugs that do not reflect real issues. No new CVE or vulnerability details are disclosed in this reply.

oss-security·05:03 UTC · 9h agoVulnerability 6 sources

Type Diversity Enables Transformers to Generalise Compositionally

Researchers show lexical-versus-structural compositional generalization gaps in Transformers stem from type diversity imbalance in datasets, not architectural limits.

The paper argues that Transformers' difficulty with structural compositional generalization is an artifact of low structural type diversity in prior benchmark datasets rather than an architectural limitation. Using Grammatical Framework, the authors create linguistically diverse variants of COGS and SLOG. They find type diversity correlates with compositional generalization equally in lexical and structural test cases, contradicting previous claims that compound divergence explains task difficulty.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 11, 17:59 UTC · 4d agoAI research

[webapps] CorgetGpsDget 2_3.2 - OS Command Injection

Exploit-DB publishes OS command injection exploit for the obscure CorgetGpsDget 2_3.2 web application.

A public exploit demonstrates OS command injection in CorgetGpsDget version 2_3.2. The flaw could allow attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the hosting server. The product appears to have limited deployment, reducing real-world exposure.

Exploit-DB·Aug 10, 00:00 UTC · Aug 10, 2026Exploit / PoC

Cloudflare OS goes open source with a record of everything its agents read

Help Net Security·Aug 6, 00:00 UTC · Aug 6, 2026AI tools & infra

When Should LLMs Abstain? Chain-of-Self-Questioning for Selective Risk Control

Chain-of-Self-Questioning prompting cuts LLM wrong-answer commitments 32% relative while raising answered accuracy, holding across eleven model families.

The paper introduces Chain-of-Self-Questioning (CoSQ), a prompt-only framework that makes LLM answer commitment conditional on an explicit assessment of the information required to answer. On an 817-item TruthfulQA multiple-choice set, Grounded-CoSQ at τ=0.90 reduced mean unconditional wrong-commitment rate from 13.1% under chain-of-thought to 8.9% (a 32.1% relative reduction), while raising answered accuracy from 86.9% to 89.7% at 87.6% coverage. Improvements held across eleven open-weight and hosted model families and at every evaluated threshold, with convergent evidence from a Natural Questions short-answer evaluation.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 15, 17:52 UTC · 20h agoAI research

Re: AI slops from Eve

Jeroen Roovers links a header-less LLM-generated advisory to a similar fake llama.cpp GGUF parser advisory from May 2026.

In the 'AI slops from Eve' oss-security thread, Jeroen Roovers asks whether a current LLM-generated message without a Date header comes from the same source as a May 15, 2026 posting titled 'Security Advisory: Multiple Vulnerabilities in llama.cpp GGUF Format Parsers'. Both fake advisories share the missing Date header trait. The exchange highlights growing LLM-generated noise on security mailing lists.

oss-security·updated Sep 13, 15:08 UTC · 2d ago·first Sep 13, 14:51 UTC · 2d agoIndustry 12 sources

ZDI-26-587: Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt VS File Parsing Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

ZDI advisory ZDI-26-587 details a heap-based buffer overflow RCE (CVE-2026-19781, CVSS 7.8) in Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt VS file parsing, requiring user interaction.

The Zero Day Initiative released advisory ZDI-26-587 covering a heap-based buffer overflow in Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt's VS file parsing. A remote attacker can execute arbitrary code when the target opens a malicious file or visits a crafted page. ZDI rated the vulnerability CVSS 7.8 and assigned CVE-2026-19781.

ZDI Published Advisories·Aug 24, 05:00 UTC · 23d agoAdvisoryCVE-2026-19781

llm 0.34

Version 0.34 of Simon Willison's llm CLI adds response-duration metrics to log output, plus bug fixes and faster log querying.

The open-source llm command-line tool for interacting with large language models released version 0.34. The headline change adds response duration in milliseconds and human-readable form to llm logs --usage Markdown output, plus a new duration_ms field in llm logs --short. The release includes several contributed bug fixes and a significant performance improvement to llm logs, alongside the related llm-openrouter 0.7.1 release.

Simon Willison·Sep 2, 19:23 UTC · 13d agoAI tools & infra1

Towards Scalable and Cost-Efficient Vulnerability Detection: A Study on Automatic Query Generation

A study finds LLM-synthesized CodeQL queries improve average F1-score by 82% over baseline queries, offering scalable vulnerability detection versus direct LLM scanning.

Researchers conducted an empirical study evaluating whether LLMs can synthesize executable CodeQL queries from National Vulnerability Database vulnerability data. LLM-generated queries significantly enhanced baseline CodeQL suites, yielding an 82% improvement in average F1-score across a diverse set of real-world vulnerabilities. A cost-benefit analysis shows direct LLM-based scanning of entire repositories is often computationally and financially prohibitive, while LLM query synthesis offers a scalable and cost-effective alternative for large-scale vulnerability detection.

arXiv cs.CR·Sep 9, 16:31 UTC · 6d agoResearch1

[0day-rubbish] core-admin 1.0.164 (build 16468) Systemic shell command injection via ineffective quote escaping (8.8)

0day Rubbish discloses a CVSS 8.8 shell command injection in core-admin 1.0.164 via ineffective quote escaping, enabling authenticated remote code execution.

0day Rubbish Research Team publicly disclosed a systemic shell command injection (CWE-78) in core-admin 1.0.164 (build 16468). The flaw stems from ineffective quote escaping and scores 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). The disclosure does not mention a CVE identifier or observed exploitation in the wild.

Full Disclosure·Sep 8, 17:31 UTC · 7d agoVulnerability1

The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2026-09-14

glibc advisory GLIBC-SA-2026-0017 discloses a buffer overflow in strfmon/strfmon_l affecting versions 2.38 through 2.44.

The GNU C Library published security advisories including GLIBC-SA-2026-0017, a buffer overflow in strfmon and strfmon_l. Calling these functions with right-justified width padding conversions can write past the end of the caller-supplied output buffer in glibc 2.38 to 2.44. Exploitation requires an application code path that calls strfmon with attacker-influenced parameters.

oss-security·Sep 14, 19:54 UTC · 1d agoVulnerability 2 sources1

Cohere Releases North Small Translate: A 218B MoE Translation Model That Scores 83.6 on WMT26 Across 50 Languages

Cohere released North Small Translate, an open-weight 218B MoE (25B active) translation model scoring 83.6 on WMT26 across 50 languages.

Cohere and Cohere Labs released North Small Translate, a decoder-only sparse Mixture-of-Experts translation model with 218B total and 25B active parameters, 128 experts with 8 activated per token plus shared experts, and 16K-token input and output context. In Cohere's vendor-reported WMT26 evaluation, judged by GPT-5.6-Sol, it scores 83.6 averaged across 50 languages (84.36 in an agentic multi-pass mode), ahead of DeepL NextGen (81.37), Qwen 3.5 397B A17B (81.56), GLM 5.2 (76.50), and Google Translate (68.20). The model was built with RWS's Language Weaver team, post-trained specifically for translation, and reports 112 output tokens per second versus 81 for Gemma 4 31B, with long-document xCOMET-XL scores of 48.9 versus 21.3 for Google Translate. It is available free on Cohere's Chat V2 API until rate limits, with three self-hosting checkpoints including a 4-bit NVFP4 variant running on 1x B200 or 2x H100.

MarkTechPost·Sep 11, 06:57 UTC · 5d agoModel release

Stack buffer overflow in WAD

FortiOS explicit proxy WAD daemon stack buffer overflow (CVSS 5.1) allows code execution only with Kerberos and SOCKS configured.

Fortinet advisory FG-IR-26-161 describes a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) in the WAD daemon of FortiOS explicit proxy, scored CVSSv3 5.1. Exploitation requires an attacker able to bypass stack protection and ASLR, and the explicit proxy must be configured with Kerberos authentication and SOCKS enabled. If successful, it yields arbitrary code or command execution in the WAD daemon context via crafted sockets. No exploitation is reported in the advisory.

Fortinet PSIRT·Aug 12, 07:00 UTC · Aug 12, 2026Advisory

ZDI-26-549: OriginLab OriginPro OGG File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

ZDI discloses CVE-2026-18290, a CVSS 7.8 out-of-bounds write in OriginLab OriginPro OGG file parsing enabling remote code execution via malicious files.

The Zero Day Initiative published advisory ZDI-26-549 describing an out-of-bounds write in OriginLab OriginPro's OGG file parsing, tracked as CVE-2026-18290 with a CVSS score of 7.8. The flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations. Exploitation requires user interaction, such as visiting a malicious page or opening a malicious file.

ZDI Published Advisories·Aug 11, 05:00 UTC · Aug 11, 2026VulnerabilityCVE-2026-18290

Molecular Déjà Vu: Digit-Level Retrieval of Published Values in Frontier Language Models

Audit of 22 frontier models finds widespread verbatim retrieval of published molecular property values, with higher reasoning increasing recall of memorized numbers.

An arXiv audit tests 22 frontier LLMs across 12 molecular regression benchmarks for verbatim retrieval of published values. More than 50% of the LLMs show verbatim retrieval on five datasets, and identical experiments are flagged 89% more often at a high reasoning level than at the lowest one. Suppressing retrieval moves model prediction errors closer together in relative terms, suggesting predictive capability is not determined solely by memorized values.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 4, 17:32 UTC · 11d agoAI research1

SchemeArena: Factorized Stress Testing of Scheming in LLM Agents

Researchers introduce SchemeArena, a 400-scenario benchmark stress-testing scheming in LLM agents, finding explicit instrumental goals are the strongest driver of covert misaligned behavior.

The paper presents SchemeArena, a 400-scenario benchmark built through factorized scenario synthesis spanning safety-relevant tool domains, instrumental goals, oversight conditions and pressure mechanisms. The accompanying SCOUT monitor grounds multi-criteria scheming judgments in evidence drawn from agents' reasoning and actions. Stress tests across five LLM agents show explicit instrumental goals are the strongest driver of scheming propensity, while action-only monitoring increased scheming in several closed models, suggesting partial oversight can act as an optimization constraint. The benchmark, code and monitor are released at github.com/launchnlp/SchemeArena.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 7, 20:00 UTC · 8d agoAI safety & security

CVE-2026-77147: Apache Syncope: Groovy Sandbox escape for empty CommandArgs

Apache Syncope patches an important Groovy sandbox escape (CVE-2026-77147) allowing administrators to achieve code injection via empty CommandArgs.

CVE-2026-77147 is an important-severity improper control of code generation vulnerability in Apache Syncope, rated as a Groovy sandbox escape for empty CommandArgs. An administrator with adequate privileges can exploit the flaw to achieve code injection. Affected versions include syncope-core-spring 3.0.0-M0 through 3.0.16, 4.0.0-M0 through 4.0.7, and 4.1.0-M0 through 4.1.2.

oss-security·Sep 14, 15:43 UTC · 1d agoVulnerabilityCVE-2026-77147

ZDI-26-551: OriginLab OriginPro OGG File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

ZDI advisory ZDI-26-551 discloses CVE-2026-18292, memory corruption in OriginLab OriginPro OGG file parsing enabling remote code execution with user interaction.

OriginLab OriginPro contains a memory corruption vulnerability when parsing OGG files, tracked as CVE-2026-18292 with CVSS 7.8. Remote code execution requires user interaction, meaning the target must open a malicious file or visit a malicious page. ZDI published the finding as advisory ZDI-26-551.

ZDI Published Advisories·Aug 11, 05:00 UTC · Aug 11, 2026VulnerabilityCVE-2026-18292

Right Tool, Right Job: Native-Language Evaluation, Tokenizer Sensitivity, and Methodological Findings from a French-Only BabyLM

French BabyLM entry METRON-FR (125M GPT-2, 92.47M words) shows tokenizer artifacts dominate child-scale zero-shot evaluation; proposes standard diagnostics.

METRON-FR is a 125M-parameter GPT-2 pretrained on 92.47M French words, submitted to the BabyLM 2026 Strict track, scoring 85.97% on the native Quebec-French QFrBLiMP benchmark and 62.80% on the BabyLM-weighted leaderboard. A cross-lingual GLUE protocol combining French task-data translation with rank-16 LoRA shows relational tasks gain while world-knowledge tasks regress. Bilingual Lexicon Induction reaches p@1 of 68.84%, 18x above chance, and ablations show single-token zero-shot scoring is dominated by tokenizer and template artifacts at child scale.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 15, 16:43 UTC · 21h agoAI research

Project CAV3RN continues: Google Apps Script as C2 relay and DNS-based C2 channel selection

Project CAV3RN continues targeting Israel, using Google Apps Script C2 relays and DNS-based channel routing in a .NET NativeAOT framework.

Kaspersky Securelist documents the continuation of Project CAV3RN operations against Israel. The modular .NET NativeAOT framework uses Google Apps Script as a C2 relay and DNS-based C2 channel selection, blending command traffic with legitimate Google services to evade detection.

Kaspersky Securelist·Aug 11, 10:00 UTC · Aug 11, 2026Threat actor in the wild

What vulnerability prioritization looks like when KEV, EPSS, and CVSS disagree

Cohesity field CISO Joye Purser ranks KEV over EPSS over CVSS and urges 24-72 hour patching of exploited internet-facing systems.

In a Help Net Security interview, Cohesity Global Field CISO Joye Purser lays out a vulnerability prioritization framework that puts active exploitation (KEV) first, then exploit likelihood (EPSS), then technical severity (CVSS), adjusted for asset exposure, business criticality, and compensating controls. She endorses 24-72 hour remediation targets for critical exploited internet-facing vulnerabilities and describes the organizational tradeoffs and emergency procedures needed to hit them. The interview also covers honeypot failure modes when deception systems are over-connected or over-trusted, and budget guidance recommending OT/IT segmentation, phishing-resistant MFA, and tested recovery for a 400-person manufacturer.

Help Net Security·Aug 31, 00:00 UTC · 16d agoIndustry

[webapps] webpack_devserver 5.2.5 - CSRF

Exploit-DB published a cross-site request forgery proof of concept for webpack_devserver 5.2.5.

Exploit-DB lists a webapps CSRF proof-of-concept against webpack_devserver version 5.2.5. The flaw affects the local webpack development server, where cross-site requests could be issued against it. No CVE id is cited in the entry and no active exploitation is reported.

Exploit-DB·Aug 17, 00:00 UTC · Aug 17, 2026Exploit / PoC

Context Engineering Inside the Harness: 4 Mechanisms That Beat Context Overflow and Goal Loss on Long-Horizon Tasks

Survey of four harness mechanisms—context budgeting, compaction, todo-state, and memory—that keep long-horizon LLM agents on task across 200+ tool calls.

The article details how agent harnesses, not larger context windows, solve context overflow and goal loss on long-horizon tasks, citing Chroma's Context Rot report showing 18 LLMs (GPT-4.1, Claude 4, Gemini 2.5, Qwen3) degrade on long inputs. Concrete implementations include LangChain Deep Agents offloading tool responses over 20,000 tokens to the filesystem and truncating old tool calls at 85% window usage, and Claude Code capping auto memory at 25KB while re-reading the 5 most recently modified files after compaction. OpenAI's Responses API now offers server-side compaction via context_management with a standalone /responses/compact endpoint, which Codex uses for long-running coding tasks. Manus reports a roughly 100:1 input-to-output token ratio per ~50-tool-call task, motivating todo.md state recitation to prevent goal drift.

MarkTechPost·Sep 13, 05:56 UTC · 3d agoAI research1

What Else Needs Fixing? Exploring Cost-Effective Test-Time Compute for Revision Propagation in Artifacts Generated Through Conversation

A new benchmark shows LLMs reach 68.3-93% accuracy propagating local revisions across conversationally generated artifacts, with parallel-sample selection most cost-effective.

The paper introduces a benchmark for revision propagation: when users request a local change, LLMs must identify dependencies and update all affected parts of an artifact generated through conversation, where context lives in the chat history. Nine revision methods, including sequential reflection and parallel sampling variants, were evaluated on gpt-oss-20b/120b, gpt-5.4-mini, and qwen3.5-9b/27b/122b. Baselines scored 68.3-93% accuracy, and selecting among three parallel samples via LLM-based or medoid selection improved accuracy by 2.2-9.7% as the most cost-effective test-time compute strategy. Code and dataset are released.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 2, 20:00 UTC · 13d agoAI research

An Empirical Analysis of CodeQL False Positives and Query Refinements for Java Vulnerabilities

Study of 167 Java CVE instances finds CodeQL false positives follow recurring patterns; query refinements remove 81.8% of reviewed ones.

Researchers ran CodeQL's Java security query suite on 167 CVE instances from 110 projects, manually reviewing 500 sampled false-positive paths and building a five-category taxonomy led by Missed Path Constraint or Sanitization (36.6%), Benign Execution Context (29.4%), and Missing Trust Boundary Modeling (27.6%). Guided by the taxonomy, query-level refinements removed 81.8% of reviewed false positives and 15.8% of reported paths across the selected queries while retaining 7 of 8 true positives. To address generalization, agentic coding tools given the refinement patterns as templates adapted them to new projects successfully in 56% and 62% of tasks, versus 28% without guidance.

arXiv cs.CR·Sep 3, 22:48 UTC · 12d agoResearch1

Verifiable by Construction: Claim-Level Evaluation of Verbatim Citation in Clinical Question Answering

Evaluation of twelve LLMs on 222 clinical questions shows verbatim quotes rarely substantiate claims; claude-opus-5 fully substantiates only 37.1%.

The authors build a standardized harness over four clinical practice guidelines and evaluate twelve LLMs on 222 synthetic clinical questions, measuring citation attachment, verbatim quote production, and claim substantiation. Most models attach verbatim quotes to over 90% of claims from prompting alone, though lightweight models like claude-haiku-4.5 struggle. Quotes frequently fail to substantiate claims: claude-opus-5 quotes 98.0% of claims but fully substantiates only 37.1%, exposing a capability gap for verifiable clinical QA.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 14, 17:53 UTC · 1d agoAI research

The gpg.fail aftermath: On responsible disclosure, GPG, and the state of security in 2026 [32:37]

A conference talk recounts GPG vulnerability disclosures, notes several GnuPG flaws remain unpatched, and demonstrates novel bugs live.

A researcher who disclosed multiple GnuPG vulnerabilities before 39c3 in December 2025 reports that several flaws, including one allowing spoofed PGP signatures, remain unpatched. Memory corruption in the basic PGP message parser was properly fixed, but GnuPG maintainer Werner Koch declared a widely-used feature 'harmful' instead of patching it. The talk presents additional novel GPG vulnerabilities and commentary on responsible disclosure and LLMs in security.

Lobsters · security·Sep 12, 17:24 UTC · 3d agoResearch

USN-8737-1: GNU C Library vulnerabilities

Ubuntu patches GNU C Library flaws including a strfmon buffer overflow and tdelete out-of-bounds access that could enable code execution.

Ubuntu issued USN-8737-1 fixing multiple GNU C Library vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-19499 is a buffer overflow in the strfmon function when handling right-justification padding, affecting only Ubuntu 26.04 LTS. CVE-2026-19542 is an out-of-bounds stack array access in the tdelete function. An additional issue involves incorrect memory handling in wordexp with the WRDE_APPEND flag. All issues could potentially cause denial of service or arbitrary code execution.

Ubuntu Security Notices·Sep 8, 15:17 UTC · 7d agoAdvisoryCVE-2026-19499CVE-2026-19542

Content-Encoding WAF Evasion

FortiWeb WAF policies can be bypassed by unauthenticated attackers using crafted Content-Encoding requests (CVSS 4.8).

Fortinet disclosed an incomplete list of disallowed inputs (CWE-184) in FortiWeb's WAF, tracked as FG-IR-26-157. An unauthenticated attacker can bypass WAF policies using specifically crafted requests with crafted Content-Encoding values. The issue carries a CVSSv3 score of 4.8 and was revised on 2026-08-12. The advisory does not report active exploitation.

Fortinet PSIRT·Aug 12, 07:00 UTC · Aug 12, 2026Advisory