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Forgery of C2PA on a Pixel 10

Researcher forged a Google Pixel 10 C2PA content credential with genuine signatures, showing root-level attackers can fake photo provenance.

A Hacker Factor blog post demonstrates an AI-generated 'unicorn glitter milk' news photo carrying a valid, cryptographically signed C2PA manifest traceable to Google's Pixel camera certificate chain, passing validation in Adobe Inspect and the CAI Verify tool with a verified timestamp. The author, working with UMBC's PASAWG working group, reported to Google and C2PA in November 2025 that root access on a Pixel device could sign arbitrary images as camera captures; after 90 days without resolution, details were published. The finding undermines C2PA Assurance Level 2 claims made for Pixel 10 Content Credentials.

Lobsters · security · 22h agoResearch

Apple Reference Image: A New Approach for Verified Photography

Apple introduces Reference Image, hardware-backed verifiable photography on iPhone 18 Pro using sensor signing and Private Cloud Compute to counter AI-generated fakes.

Apple announced Reference Image, an opt-in camera mode debuting on the main sensor of iPhone 18 Pro and iPhone 18 Pro Max that produces securely timestamped, verifiable photographs. The design splits into two phases: a secure digital negative created by cryptographically signing pixel data at the sensor immediately after capture (preventing injection or tampering), then developing that negative into a reference image. Private Cloud Compute handles processing without exposing image contents to anyone, including Apple, and fraudulent reference images can be revoked without revealing the photographer's identity. Apple positions the system as stronger than C2PA-based approaches, which sign metadata after capture, are vulnerable to editing-chain compromise, and can tie images to a device or individual.

Hacker News · security · 1d agoResearchHN 25↑ · 18 comments

Hackers Stole Flock’s Camera Software, Revealing How the Company Tracks Cars and People

Hackers who removed a Flock Safety license plate camera dumped its data, revealing person-detection capabilities and an encryption key stored unencrypted on the device.

A hacker collective calling itself stegan0gram physically removed a Flock Safety automatic license plate reader camera from a roadway, copied its storage, and shared the files with 404 Media, WIRED, and Distributed Denial of Secrets. Analysis found an encryption key in an unencrypted 'media' partition that unlocked videos of thousands of vehicle detections, with logs showing more than a million images generated in weeks. The software explicitly detects people, bicycles, and even bumper stickers, and records from one Georgia city were searchable by more than 2,000 agencies nationwide. The findings follow 2025 research by Jon Gaines documenting flaws enabling root-level access to Flock cameras.

404 Mediaupdated · 2h agofirst · 1d agoResearch in the wild 4 sources

Illusion of Depth: Revealing Hidden Stereo Vision Vulnerabilities in Depth Estimation

Simple repeating patterns let attackers shift stereo-camera depth estimates by up to 20 meters, triggering emergency braking in autonomous driving frameworks at 40 km/h.

The paper reveals an intrinsic vulnerability in stereo cameras stemming from pixel sampling and calibration processes, letting attackers finely control estimated depth of real obstacles using simple repeating patterns without adversarial ML techniques. The attack was evaluated against BM and SGBM stereo matching algorithms, deep learning models PSMNet, MoCha-Stereo, and UniMatch, the stereo-LiDAR fusion model SGM-DDC, and commercial cameras ZED2 and Intel RealSense D435; on ZED2, obstacles can be displaced up to 20 meters farther or 12 meters closer. A 0.5-second attack triggered emergency braking in a popular autonomous driving framework, with feasibility confirmed at driving speeds up to 40 km/h using CARLA. State-of-the-art defenses proved ineffective, and the authors propose a similarity-score strategy to dynamically detect and suppress depth discrepancies.

arXiv cs.CR · 2d agoResearch