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From Specs to Apps: Verifying and Monitoring Models of Signal and WhatsApp
Researchers use the SpecMon runtime monitor to verify WhatsApp Web and Signal Desktop against formal Signal protocol models, finding undocumented libsignal fork differences.
The paper applies SpecMon, a runtime monitoring tool, to check whether executions of WhatsApp Web and Signal Desktop conform to formal models of the Signal protocol. The authors instrument both applications and build Tamarin-compatible multiset-rewrite models, including the first model of WhatsApp Web's implementation and the most detailed model to date of Signal's original protocol. They verify authentication and secrecy properties for core Signal protocol components, show monitoring detects deliberately injected faults with low overhead, and identify previously undocumented behavioral differences between the original libsignal library and WhatsApp's fork.
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6 Months on Alert: Get H1 2026 Cyber Risk Report for SOCs and MSSPs
ANY.RUN's H1 2026 report details 15 threat trends including 437% growth in fake CAPTCHA phishing and 90.7% rise in Adobe infrastructure abuse.
The report draws on interactive sandbox submissions from over 700,000 analysts and 16,000 SOC teams between January and June 2026. Attacks abusing Adobe infrastructure grew 90.7% versus H2 2025 while RMM-related attacks rose 26.5%, and custom fake CAPTCHA phishing grew 437% from Q1 to Q2 2026. ANY.RUN argues static IOCs are losing effectiveness as dead drop resolvers hide the final C2 until execution.
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