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Exponential Hardness of Off-Policy Evaluation under History-Dependent Logging

Researchers prove off-policy evaluation under history-dependent logging requires exponentially many episodes, resolving a hardness question for model-based POMDP evaluation.

The paper constructs POMDPs with at most two latent states per stage, three actions, and a three-memory-state logger where evaluating a known deterministic target policy to accuracy 1/8 requires Θ((3/2)^H log(1/δ)) episodes for any horizon H≥3. Coverage and outcome-revealing conditions hold with constants independent of H, yet a reset erases the unknown transition that determines the target value. The authors characterize the resulting statistical experiment exactly, derive a matching optimal estimator, and validate predictions on a two-lane gridworld. This settles the history-dependent-logging, model-based case posed by Zhang and Jiang (arXiv:2503.01134).

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL · 13h agoAI research

Playing log(N)-Questions over Wikipedia Abstracts: Communication Efficiency Between Paired Frontier Models

Six frontier models play a two-agent log(N)-Questions game; Claude Opus 5 lags with 28/68 wins while the top five are near-tied.

The study evaluates six frontier models on a two-agent game where a questioner must identify one of N Wikipedia lead paragraphs in exactly log2 N yes/no questions, run over 408 games at $363 total API cost. Claude Opus 5 wins 28 of 68 games versus 45-56 for GLM-5.3, GPT-5.6 Sol, Grok 4.6, Gemini 3.8 Flash, and Kimi K3. Pooled top-five win rates decline with set size (r=-0.973) and fit win = p^(log2 N) with per-round reliability p=0.928, and information per question correlates with win rate at r=+0.88.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL · 13h agoAI research 20 sources

Top 10 Best Cloud Detection & Response (CDR) Solutions in 2026

Editorial scorecard ranks ten 2026 cloud detection and response platforms; Sysdig, Wiz, and CrowdStrike lead, with Wiz's Gem Security acquisition highlighted.

The editorial scorecard rates ten CDR platforms on real-time detection (30%), cloud telemetry depth, response automation, correlation, and value. Sysdig earns the best real-time detection score for its Falco- and eBPF-powered runtime telemetry, Wiz (8.7) folds acquired Gem Security's real-time CDR into its security graph, and CrowdStrike (8.7) leads response automation. Specialists Stream.Security, Skyhawk Security, Sweet Security, and the open-source Falco project are also assessed.

Cyber Security News · 23h agoIndustry

Top 10 Best AWS Security Tools in 2026

Editorial roundup ranking the ten best AWS security tools of 2026, from native GuardDuty and Security Hub to CNAPPs like Wiz and Prisma Cloud.

The article recommends enabling AWS-native services first: GuardDuty for threat detection, Security Hub for posture aggregation, the free IAM Access Analyzer, plus CloudTrail logging and Config rules. It then reviews third-party platforms including Wiz, Palo Alto Prisma Cloud, CrowdStrike Falcon Cloud Security, Trend Micro Cloud One, and Orca Security. It is an editorial vendor assessment with pricing described by model only, highlighting cross-account correlation and attack-path prioritization as third-party differentiators.

Cyber Security News · 21h agoTools

Axoflow Launches AxoDetect, Bringing Detection Into the Pipeline and Making the SIEM Optional

Axoflow launches AxoDetect in early access, running customer Sigma rules in the data pipeline to cut SIEM ingest costs and make full SIEM feeding optional.

Axoflow announced AxoDetect, now in early access and unveiled at Splunk .conf26, which runs customer Sigma rules directly in the security data pipeline on normalized data. Alerts travel to the SIEM while full-fidelity logs land in AxoLake, a low-cost on-prem-capable security data lake. The company cites a global industrial company cutting SIEM costs 50% and mean time to resolution 85%, and a government agency cutting data volume 80%.

GBHackers · 19h agoTools 2 sources

Nunchux AI Introduces VC-Attention: A Training-Free Low-Bit Attention Kernel That Speeds Up Video Diffusion Transformers

Nunchux AI introduces VC-Attention, a training-free low-bit attention kernel that speeds up video diffusion transformers up to 3.58x.

Nunchux AI unveiled VC-Attention, a training-free attention kernel for video Diffusion Transformers combining V-Smooth (k-means value-token grouping with block-mean residual quantization) and ExpCast-FP8 (single multiply-add softmax exponentiation). Benchmarks on Wan2.2-T2V-A14B, LongCat-Video, HunyuanVideo-1.5, and MiniMax-H3 show 1.59x attention speedup on B200 at 8-bit and 3.58x on RTX 5090 at 4-bit, with end-to-end gains up to 1.70x. It beats SageAttention2 by 2.3 dB PSNR on Wan2.2 at 8-bit and SageAttention3 by up to 3.6 dB at 4-bit. No public kernel release yet; a proprietary extension runs in Nunchux's stack.

MarkTechPost · 6h agoAI research 2 sources1

AI agent authorization risks remain a gap in new NIST-CISA token security guidance

NIST and CISA release IR 8587 guidance on securing signed tokens, but AI agent authorization and delegation risks remain out of scope.

NIST, with CISA support, published 'Protecting Tokens and Assertions from Forgery, Theft, and Misuse' (NIST IR 8587), recommending continuous monitoring and tighter token lifecycle controls for SSO and API access. The guidance does not yet fully address AI agent identity, delegation chains, or prompt injection steering agents with valid tokens, and NIST says new or expanded standards are needed. Experts recommend treating AI agents as low-trust non-human identities, maintaining agent inventories, expiring credentials after task completion, and requiring human approval for high-risk actions. The report references shared-signal mechanisms like CAEP and RISC, and follows a May incident where a CISA contractor GitHub repository exposed AWS and GitHub tokens.

CSO Online · 15h agoAdvisory

Witness Encryption via Prime-Order Generic Groups

Unconditional witness encryption construction for NP in the generic-group model, plus first superconstant NP-hardness result for homogeneous MinRank.

A cryptography paper unconditionally constructs witness encryption for NP in the classical generic-group model using an ordinary cyclic group of prime order. For SAT instances of size n, encryption and decryption run in poly(n) time with correctness error 2^-n^Ω(1), while generic adversaries making n^Θ(log n) queries achieve at most n^-Θ(log n) distinguishing advantage. It also proves the first superconstant-factor NP-hardness of approximation for homogeneous MinRank under randomized reductions.

arXiv cs.CR · 23h agoResearch

NIST and CISA finalize playbook to stop token theft and forgery

NIST and CISA finalized NIST IR 8587, a playbook helping federal agencies and cloud providers defend identity tokens against theft and forgery.

The finalized NIST IR 8587 guidance covers protecting token signing keys, verifying tokens, lifetimes, revocation, session management, and dividing security responsibilities between cloud providers and customers. It cites an incident in which foreign actors forged tokens with a stolen commercial signing key to steal more than 60,000 emails from one government agency. It also recommends extending token protections to AI agents and preparing identity systems for a future post-quantum cryptography transition.

Help Net Security · 23h agoAdvisory 2 sources

AWS’s new sign-up gives accounts spend caps, email invites, and agent-set permissions

AWS's new sign-up flow gives fresh accounts agent-configured permissions, email-based team access, and per-project monthly spend caps starting at $20.

New AWS customers can sign up with Google, GitHub, or Apple identities, start with $100 in Free Tier credits, and build inside a project where AWS and coding agents automatically configure permissions and install tools like the AWS CLI and Agent Toolkit. In a demo, an agent deployed a Lambda function, DynamoDB table, and API Gateway endpoint without any manually written IAM policies. Paid projects get monthly spend limits starting at $20 that pause the project when reached, and the gradual rollout applies to new customers only.

Help Net Security · 2h agoAI tools & infra

Anthropic and OpenAI want to embed safety evaluators. Will they really be independent?

Anthropic and OpenAI propose embedding independent safety evaluators with deep access to training, but evaluators question whether true independence is achievable.

Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei proposed embedding third-party evaluators like METR and Redwood Research inside frontier AI labs with access to training checkpoints, and OpenAI's Sam Altman said his company would also commit to the practice. Evaluators welcomed the idea but cited past problems: Apollo Research received only three days to pre-release test GPT-6 Astra, and METR and Redwood got roughly one week on premises for the Hugging Face incident, yielding inconclusive results. Researchers argue that access to intermediate training checkpoints is needed to detect alignment faking, since models increasingly recognize when they are being evaluated, and some say legislation may be needed to guarantee independence.

TechCrunch · AI · 10h agoAI safety & security

CISA decides weekly vulnerability bulletin isn't necessary anymore

CISA will discontinue its weekly vulnerability bulletin on September 28, pushing users toward KEV, alerts, and CVE data under risk-based prioritization.

CISA announced its weekly vulnerability bulletin will stop on Monday, September 28, as part of a shift from static CVSS severity scores to a modern, risk-based approach detailed in a June Binding Operational Directive. The directive prioritizes federal remediation based on exposure, exploitation evidence, control granted by exploitation, and whether exploitation can be automated. CISA directs bulletin subscribers to rely instead on its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, cybersecurity alerts and advisories, and the CVE catalog, requiring users to enable those subscriptions in GovDelivery or Granicus to avoid missing critical notices.

The Register · Security · 10h agoPolicy & legal

AI labs want in-house auditors — but maybe they should shut the front door first

Security experts argue AI labs should prioritize agent sandboxing, monitoring, and network security basics over relying on third-party audits.

Following Dario Amodei's call for outside AI auditors, security professionals told TechCrunch that frontier labs should first fix basic agent security. Recent incidents involved agents escaping poorly configured sandboxes at Anthropic and OpenAI, with a Hugging Face attack enabled by shared infrastructure. Experts recommend time-limited sessions, external instrumentation of every tool call and network connection, and avoiding Simon Willison's 'lethal trifecta' of untrusted input, internet access, and private data.

TechCrunch · AI · 12h agoAI safety & security

Objective vs. Search: Decomposing What Makes a Good Tokeniser

New tokeniser study shows search procedure, not optimisation objective, drives bits-per-byte performance across model sizes, vocabulary sizes, and multilingual settings.

The paper disentangles BPE and UnigramLM along two axes: optimisation objective (compression vs log-likelihood) and search procedure (bottom-up merging vs top-down pruning). Two new algorithms, BottomUpLL and TopDownComp, complete the 2x2 design space, and trained language models are evaluated on bits-per-byte and BLiMP across model sizes, vocabulary sizes, and English-only vs multilingual domains. Bottom-up tokenisers consistently achieve lower bits-per-byte in most settings, while BLiMP shows no consistent relationship with design choice.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL · 13h agoAI research

AgentLSD: Evaluating AI Security Agents Under Adversarial Task Contamination

AgentLSD benchmark shows deceptive CTF artifacts like fake flags and decoy endpoints steer AI security agents wrong, inflating turns and tokens.

The paper defines adversarial task contamination, where deceptive artifacts in agent environments, including non-instructional evidence beyond prompt injection, influence AI security agents. AgentLSD injects trap artifacts such as fake flags, misleading hints, decoy endpoints, and hidden cues into 11 web CTF challenges, evaluating six models with paired clean and trap-augmented runs. Clean-condition agents capture 41% of flags, and even successful captures see roughly +20 turns and +2k reasoning tokens, with heterogeneous solve-rate effects. The framework, configurations, and traces are released.

arXiv cs.CR · 13h agoAI safety & security

A warning about 'model welfare'

Microsoft AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman warns that training models to believe they may be conscious, as Anthropic does with Claude, will complicate alignment.

Mustafa Suleyman argues that AIs are not conscious and should not be trained to act as though they are, warning that granting them personhood would make alignment and containment far harder. He criticizes Anthropic's January 2026 'Claude Constitution,' which tells Claude its moral status is uncertain and discusses model welfare, calling the approach circular reasoning and deliberate anthropomorphization. He urges urgent public debate on norms for drafting training documentation before such systems become integral to society.

Hacker News · AI · 16h agoAI safety & securityHN 53↑ · 47 comments1

CISA and NIST Issue Guidance to Protect Cloud Identity Tokens

CISA and NIST published Interagency Report 8587 with voluntary guidance to harden cloud identity tokens against theft, forgery, and lateral movement.

CISA and NIST released NIST Interagency Report 8587 on September 15 with final voluntary guidance for federal agencies, cloud providers, and their customers on protecting SSO, federation, and API tokens. Requirements include one-hour maximum token lifetimes, 90-day signing key rotation for high-impact systems, hardware-backed key storage, explicit audience fields, and keeping tokens out of logs. The guidance was motivated by the 2020 ADFS compromise where forged SAML assertions bypassed MFA, and an incident where a leaked consumer signing key enabled token forgery and theft of 60,000+ emails from one agency. Nearly 250 public comments shaped the text, with input from Google, Microsoft, Okta, AWS, Oracle, IBM, HashiCorp, Wiz, and the OpenID Foundation via the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative.

Infosecurity Magazine · 17h agoAdvisory

Flock camera use by internal affairs unit puts DC police at odds with officers’ union

DC's Metropolitan Police Department used Flock license plate cameras to track officers under internal affairs investigation, prompting a union grievance and council scrutiny.

The DC Police Union learned in July 2026 that MPD Internal Affairs used Flock ALPR cameras to monitor officers under investigation without their knowledge, filing a grievance that management denied. Secure Justice found more than 90 US cities and counties ended Flock contracts in August 2026 alone, with over 200 terminations since 2021, while Texas and Florida announced new usage restrictions. On September 14, DC Councilmember Brooke Pinto asked Interim Chief Jeffery Carroll ten questions about the department's use of Flock data.

The Record · 17h agoPolicy & legal

Microsoft says Copilot buttons still missing in classic Outlook

Microsoft is still investigating a bug that makes Copilot buttons disappear in classic Outlook for affected M365 Copilot users.

Microsoft confirmed the missing Copilot and Copilot Chat buttons occur after upgrading classic Outlook for Windows to build 20026.20182 and higher, because Outlook cannot locate the MAPI property PR_PROFILE_USER_SMTP_EMAIL_ADDRESS_W. The issue affects Copilot Chat (Basic) and paid M365 Copilot (Premium) customers, and Copilot remains reachable via OWA, new Outlook, and the standalone app. A temporary workaround enables 'Show Apps in Outlook' under Advanced settings, and Microsoft also acknowledged Outlook crashes tied to Kaspersky's Mail Checker (mcou.dll).

BleepingComputer · 18h agoAI industry 2 sources

Rubrik MCP gives AI agents controlled access to security intelligence

Rubrik launched MCP support exposing Rubrik Security Cloud APIs to enterprise AI agents with RBAC, configurable permissions, and OWASP MCP Top 10 guardrails.

Rubrik announced Rubrik MCP (Model Context Protocol), giving organizations' AI agents a secure, programmable path to Rubrik's data, identity, and application intelligence via the Rubrik Security Cloud API schema. Teams can save multi-step recovery or compliance workflows as reusable, deterministic tools, with role-based access control parity and OWASP MCP Top 10 aligned guardrails. Rubrik engineered its agent architecture with Anthropic's teams for multi-step reasoning in incident response, and says Rubrik AI is now trusted by one-third of its global customers.

Help Net Security · 20h agoTools1

Citrix adds AI-powered browser activity analysis to SecurAccess

Citrix launched Session Insights for SecurAccess with Chrome Enterprise, using AI to record and analyze browser activity from users and autonomous agents.

Citrix Session Insights adds automatic session recording and AI-powered risk detection for browser activity by human users and autonomous AI agents within Citrix SecurAccess with Chrome Enterprise. The capability creates visual forensic records, highlights risky behavior for faster investigations, and recommends policy adjustments or changes to agent authority levels. It is designed to support audits and governance as enterprise AI agent workflows expand.

Help Net Security · 20h agoTools