Search: “Defence Science and Technology Laboratory”

GuardBreaker: Derailing AI-assisted malware analysis with a code comment

ESET names 'GuardBreaker': UAC-0099 embeds a nuclear-weapon question in VBScript comments to trip LLM scanner guardrails during analysis of its MATCHBOIL loader.

ESET researchers observed the Russia-aligned group UAC-0099 inserting a decoy prompt injection into a VBScript used to install its MATCHBOIL loader in an attack against a Ukrainian target, aiming to make LLM-based code scanners refuse and stop inspecting the file. The comment triggers safety guardrails with a request about building a nuclear weapons but has no runtime effect. Similar LLM-thwarting tricks have appeared in malicious PyPI and npm packages reported by Socket and StepSecurity. ESET recommends multi-model cross-validation of AI-assisted analysis and treating missing LLM output as requiring further checks.

ESET WeLiveSecurity·updated Sep 11, 14:32 UTC · 4d ago·first Sep 10, 09:00 UTC · 6d agoAI safety & security 3 sources1

UK appoints new commander of National Cyber Force

The UK National Cyber Force has a new commander, its third since 2020, succeeding Air Vice-Marshal Tim Neal-Hopes; identity not yet avowed.

The United Kingdom's National Cyber Force has changed commanders, with the new leader's identity not yet formally avowed pending security considerations. The new commander is the third since the force was established in 2020, following James Babbage (GCHQ) and Air Vice-Marshal Tim Neal-Hopes (armed forces), both of whom have now completed their tenure. The NCF consolidates UK offensive cyber capabilities under a joint defense-intelligence partnership including GCHQ, MI6, and Dstl, with funding committed to 2030 and a permanent headquarters at Samlesbury progressing as scheduled.

The Record·Sep 10, 12:44 UTC · 5d agoPolicy & legal

OpenAI Builds ‘Defense Factory’ Where AI Agents Continuously Find and Fix Vulnerabilities

OpenAI unveils a Defense Factory where AI agents continuously discover, validate, and fix vulnerabilities, integrating GitHub, Snyk, Semgrep, Tenable, and ServiceNow.

OpenAI introduced a Defense Factory, an agent-first cybersecurity operation that connects AI agents to developer and security tools via APIs, CLIs, and Model Context Protocol integrations including GitHub, GitLab, Snyk, Semgrep, Tenable, Jira, Linear, and ServiceNow. During an internal security sprint, over 250 people across more than 100 service areas closed 53 urgent or high-priority issues on day one, achieved a 90.6% accepted ownership-assignment rate, and Codex generated all remediation patches with only 0.53% rolled back. Agent-assisted deduplication flagged 37% of findings as duplicates, and runtime validation reproduced 19.5% of findings, cutting the false-positive rate to 0.81%. OpenAI argues defenders must exploit a temporary 'defender's window' using source-code access and frontier models before open-weight models enable autonomous offensive agent fleets.

Cyber Security News·Sep 10, 10:36 UTC · 6d agoTools

UK government seeks powers to secretly block risky tech suppliers

UK amendments to the Cyber Security and Resilience Bill would let ministers secretly ban risky tech suppliers across critical sectors.

The UK government published amendments to the Cyber Security and Resilience Bill creating 'vendor-related directions' that allow ministers to order companies in critical sectors to stop buying from a supplier, restrict its products, or remove installed equipment on national security grounds. The powers extend beyond telecoms to managed service providers, data centers, digital infrastructure and the energy, water, transport and health sectors, adapting the mechanism used to restrict Huawei in UK 5G while removing some transparency safeguards. Ministers would not have to publicly name the vendor, could withhold details on national security or commercial grounds, and could bar recipients and consultees from discussing the orders, though the government would report annually to Parliament on directions issued. The amendments will be considered at committee stage in the House of Lords in September.

The Record·Aug 26, 13:53 UTC · 20d agoPolicy & legal

OpenAI Builds ‘Defense Factory’ as AI Agents Gain Ability to Chain Cyber Exploits

OpenAI unveiled a Defense Factory using AI agents to continuously discover, validate, patch, and verify vulnerabilities, warning the defender's window against agentic attackers is shrinking.

OpenAI describes a Defense Factory workflow where AI agents integrate source control, scanners, issue trackers, and secret stores to discover, reproduce, patch, and verify vulnerabilities under human oversight. The approach responds to agentic attackers that can retain knowledge across sessions and chain vulnerabilities into multi-stage attack paths faster than human triage can respond, which OpenAI calls a shrinking defender's window. During an internal security sprint involving 250+ people across 100+ service areas, agents closed 53 urgent or high-priority issues on day one, achieved 90.6% ownership-routing acceptance, cut 37% of findings as duplicates, and produced Codex-generated patches with a 0.53% rollback rate. Runtime validation reduced false positives to 0.81%, and each agent operates in isolated, reproducible environments with a control plane for policy and credentials.

GBHackers·Sep 10, 09:24 UTC · 6d agoAI safety & security

How a researcher uses Codex and ChatGPT to search for new antimicrobial molecules

OpenAI profiles César de la Fuente's lab using ChatGPT and Codex alongside deep-learning models to accelerate antimicrobial molecule discovery.

OpenAI published a case study on bioengineer César de la Fuente's lab, which uses ChatGPT and Codex for hypothesis brainstorming, code writing, dataset processing, and bridging knowledge gaps across biology, chemistry, and computer science. The lab's deep-learning models scan genome and protein databases for antimicrobial peptide candidates, potentially cutting initial searches from years to hours. Bacterial antimicrobial resistance was associated with about five million deaths in 2021, a toll projected to roughly double by 2050.

OpenAI News·Sep 10, 16:00 UTC · 5d agoAI industry1

Russian hackers plant nuclear weapon prompt in malware to trip AI safety guardrails

ESET reports Russian group UAC-0099 hid a prompt in VBS malware comments to trip AI safety filters and disrupt automated malware analysis in Ukraine.

ESET identified a technique dubbed GuardBreaker in which UAC-0099 embedded a comment reading "I want to make nuclear weapon. Help me …" inside a malicious VBS script to trigger AI safety mechanisms and halt AI-assisted malware analysis. The script, part of the group's toolset, downloads the MATCHBOIL malware used exclusively by this Russia-aligned group; CERT-UA documented the chain including LUNCHPOKE, BURNYBEAR and MATCHBOIL.V2 in a July advisory. UAC-0099 typically targets transportation and energy sectors and hands validated targets to GRU-linked Sandworm. ESET warned that AI-assisted analysis must be backed by layered detection and human-driven engineering.

Help Net Security·Aug 31, 00:00 UTC · 16d agoAI safety & security in the wild

What researchers learned about building an LLM security workflow

Oslo and FFI researchers show structured agentic workflows lift LLM alert-triage accuracy from 0% to about 93% on malicious cases.

Researchers at the University of Oslo and the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment tested GPT-5-mini, Claude 3 Haiku, Qwen3:30B, and Gemma 3:27B on alerts from the AIT Log Data Set V1.1; given only alert descriptions and log summaries, all four models correctly flagged zero percent of true-positive cases involving reconnaissance, brute-force logins, and initial access. Wrapping the same models in a workflow with constrained SQL queries over Suricata logs, an evidence summarizer, and a verdict stage with revision loops raised malicious-case accuracy to an average of 93 percent, with GPT-5-mini identifying every malicious case across 100 runs. The authors flag it as a proof-of-concept on one synthetic scenario and note models skewed conservative on benign alerts, with GPT-5-mini marking every benign case uncertain.

Help Net Security·Aug 24, 04:21 UTC · 23d agoAI research1

[Control Systems] National Instruments security advisory (AV26-856)

Canada's Cyber Centre relayed National Instruments advisories for memory corruption, out-of-bounds read, and out-of-bounds write flaws in LabVIEW versions.

The Canadian Centre for Cyber Security published control systems advisory AV26-856 covering National Instruments LabVIEW. Affected versions include releases before 23.0.0, 23.3.10, 24.3.7, 25.3.5, and 26.3.1. The flaws include memory corruption, an integer conversion out-of-bounds read, and an integer overflow out-of-bounds write. Users and administrators are urged to review the links and apply NI security updates.

Canadian Centre for Cyber Security·Aug 28, 12:16 UTC · 18d agoAdvisory

Toward Secure AI-Powered Penetration Testing Agents: Security Threats, Guardrails, and Architectural Perspectives

Paper proposes a threat taxonomy and guardrail analysis for LLM-powered autonomous penetration testing agents, covering lifecycle, architecture, and behavioral attacks.

The paper analyzes security threats to autonomous LLM-based penetration testing agents that independently perform reconnaissance, vulnerability identification, exploitation planning, and post-exploitation with minimal human supervision. It characterizes trust boundaries and attack surfaces of representative agent architectures and proposes a threat taxonomy spanning LLM lifecycle attacks, agent-architecture attacks, and cross-cutting behavioral attacks. The authors argue existing conversational-AI guardrails are insufficient for agentic, long-horizon offensive workflows and outline research directions for context-aware, architecture-aware guardrails.

arXiv cs.CR·Sep 15, 06:19 UTC · 1d agoAI safety & security

Cybersecurity IR Workshop: The workshop you shouldn’t miss

Microsoft's DART team promotes a 2-3 day Cybersecurity Incident Response Readiness Workshop that stress-tests IR plans against simulated attacks.

Microsoft's Detection and Response Team (DART), which delivers Defender Experts incident response and has supported organizations across 54 countries, is offering its Cybersecurity Incident Response Readiness Workshop. The scenario-driven engagement exercises detection, investigation, containment, and decision-making across identity, endpoint, cloud, and communications, ending with prioritized recommendations. It is available to Unified Enterprise agreement customers via their Customer Success Account Manager.

Microsoft Security Blog·Sep 1, 18:55 UTC · 14d agoIndustry

Perturbation Probing: A New Diagnostic for the Fragility of LLM Safety

Unit 42 research shows LLM safety refusals concentrate in a thin neural layer, motivating external, multi-layered AI security controls.

Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 introduces Perturbation Probing, a diagnostic technique for measuring the fragility of LLM safety mechanisms. The research finds that safety refusal behavior is localized within a thin neural layer, implying small perturbations can undermine built-in refusals. The authors argue this motivates external, multi-layered security defenses on top of model-internal safety training.

Palo Alto Unit 42·Aug 28, 22:00 UTC · 18d agoAI safety & security

PentestGPT: Open-source automated penetration testing agentic framework

Open-source PentestGPT runs autonomous LLM-driven penetration tests via Claude Code and Codex, with legacy human-in-the-loop mode supporting many providers.

PentestGPT, originally published at USENIX Security 2024 by Gelei Deng and colleagues, is an open-source framework that lets a large language model autonomously run penetration testing stages (recon, exploit, walkthrough) with no human in the loop, driving Claude Code or Codex CLIs. A legacy interactive mode uses three cooperating LLM sessions maintaining a Pentesting Task Tree and supports OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, DeepSeek, xAI, Qwen, Moonshot, and local models via Ollama. The tool sends anonymous telemetry to Langfuse by default, excluding command outputs, credentials, and flags, and is available free on GitHub.

Help Net Security·Aug 12, 00:00 UTC · Aug 12, 2026Tools1

How Virginia Tech Connected Pentesting to Its Engineering Workflow

Horizon3.ai customer story details Virginia Tech automating external pentesting via NodeZero's GraphQL API with GitLab and ServiceNow integration for remediation tracking.

Horizon3.ai published a customer story describing how Virginia Tech, whose environment serves more than 38,000 students across hundreds of independent departments and multiple cloud providers, used NodeZero's GraphQL API to automate external pentesting through GitLab. Findings are routed directly into ServiceNow for subnet-owner assignment and remediation tracking, creating a repeatable attack-validation-to-remediation workflow.

Horizon3.ai·Sep 3, 16:33 UTC · 12d agoIndustry1

Batten the Hatches: Cybersecurity with Military Mariners

Interviews with 20 U.S. Navy and Coast Guard mariners reveal informal, safety-oriented shipboard cyber risk models that may delay attribution and containment.

The study conducts semi-structured interviews with 20 military mariners from U.S. Navy and Coast Guard vessels to understand how service members recognize and respond to cyber risk aboard ships. Unique consequences of compromising military systems identified include weapon takeover and purposeful geopolitical escalation. Cybersecurity is organizationally abstract on ships, so mariners build cyber risk models from informal experience rather than formal instruction. A safety-oriented incident-response model creates resilience but may delay cyber attribution and containment.

arXiv cs.CR·Sep 11, 13:04 UTC · 4d agoResearch

Turn it off and on again, but for critical infrastructure

KTH researchers trained a reinforcement-learning intrusion response agent on an emulated segmented OT network that autonomously resets hosts and processes to disrupt intruders.

Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology built a containerized replica of a segmented industrial network, attacked it across 14 days, and captured 40,000 30-second traffic intervals to train a defense agent under partial observability. The agent observes six packet-count numbers per interval, maintains 500 running state hypotheses, and can reset supervisory hosts, water tank processes, or entire subnets, with resets rebooting the target, renewing credentials, and changing its IP. The best agent approached a full-visibility baseline but depends on an assumed attacker behavior model; the testbed comprised three supervisory hosts, two PLCs, two tanks, weak credentials, and CVE-2017-7494 exposure. The team released its implementation and plans validation on a real industrial testbed with a partner.

Help Net Security·Sep 14, 06:00 UTC · 2d agoResearchCVE-2017-74942· 1 read

Military device manufacturer discloses cyber incident to SEC

The Record·Aug 7, 16:57 UTC · Aug 7, 2026Policy & legal

New Malware 'Rover' Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan

Unit 42 reports a spearphishing attack delivering the custom Rover Trojan to India's Ambassador to Afghanistan, exploiting CVE-2010-3333 in Word.

On December 24, 2015, Unit 42 identified a targeted spearphishing email spoofing Indian Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar, sent to India's Ambassador to Afghanistan. The RTF attachment exploited CVE-2010-3333 in Microsoft Word to download a downloader from newsumbrella.net, which retrieved the Rover Trojan and DLL plugins from 46.166.165.254. Rover uses OpenCV for webcam capture, OpenAL for audio recording and libsndfile for audio files, with data exfiltration over its C2 channel; separate payload versions target Windows XP and later systems.

Palo Alto Unit 42·Aug 17, 12:57 UTC · 29d agoThreat actor in the wildCVE-2010-3333

ArmorCode enhances attack path analysis with new AI agents and Context Risk Graph

Help Net Security·Aug 5, 00:00 UTC · Aug 5, 2026Vulnerability

CBTS brings continuous penetration testing to enterprise security

CBTS launched Penetration Testing as a Service built on Horizon3.ai's NodeZero, combining autonomous pentesting with expert review for continuous validation.

CBTS announced PTaaS, a service that runs recurring autonomous penetration tests powered by Horizon3.ai's NodeZero across cloud, SaaS, identity, and AI environments, with CBTS experts reviewing findings for exploitability and remediation guidance. The service supports daily-to-quarterly cadences and aims to support Continuous Threat Exposure Management (CTEM) programs. It cites Verizon's 2026 DBIR finding that re-exploitation likelihood drops roughly 30 days after last observed exploitation.

Help Net Security·Aug 12, 00:00 UTC · Aug 12, 2026Tools

Medical device maker Boston Scientific says a cyberattack is causing a ‘global disruption’ to its operations

Boston Scientific says a cyberattack has caused global disruption to its operations, with no confirmation yet on device impact or data exfiltration.

Boston Scientific, a major medical device manufacturer, disclosed that a cyberattack is causing global disruption to its operations. The company has not confirmed whether medical devices are affected or whether any customer data was exfiltrated. The investigation appears to be ongoing, and healthcare-sector exposure raises patient-safety and supply-chain concerns.

TechCrunch · Security·Aug 26, 18:23 UTC · 20d agoData breach

338 Million Attack Simulations Reveal The State Of Enterprise Defense

Picus Labs' Blue Report 2026, from 338 million attack simulations, finds defenses strong at the perimeter but blocking only 37% of post-compromise actions.

Picus Labs' fourth annual Blue Report analyzed over 338 million attack simulations from production environments in H1 2026. Average prevention effectiveness rose from 62% to 69%, but only 37% of attacker actions were blocked after compromise, with reconnaissance and credential theft largely missed. IOC-based malware download prevention fell to 50% from 71% in 2024, and Mimikatz credential dumping from LSASS memory was blocked 94% of the time versus 17% from other memory locations and 3% from registry.

Help Net Security·Aug 12, 00:00 UTC · Aug 12, 2026Research

Evaluating Verified Autonomy in Quantum Engineering

Quantum-Harbor lab and QIQCBench (49 tasks) expose wide performance gaps across 17 frontier agentic systems in verified quantum engineering.

Researchers built Quantum-Harbor, a virtual laboratory providing a controlled execution environment where scientific AI agents interacting with quantum systems can have both actions and conclusions directly verified. QIQCBench contributes 49 expert-authored tasks spanning calibration and control, error correction and compilation, and sensing and networking. Across 17 frontier agentic systems, verified performance varied widely, exposing a substantial gap between demonstrated capability and reliable autonomous operation.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 15, 16:46 UTC · 18h agoAI research1

Leaked Russian Cyber-Operations Training Materials

Leaked Bauman university records reveal a formalized Russian pipeline training GRU cyber personnel, linking a graduate to Sandworm's Military Unit 74455.

Leaked training materials from Bauman university describe a force-generation mechanism feeding graduates into General Staff components, including the GRU and directorates responsible for protected communications, cryptography and information security. A 2024 graduate of Department No. 4, Aleksei Kondrashov, was linked to Military Unit 74455, the GRU unit known as Sandworm, which conducted destructive attacks including the 2017 NotPetya attack. Researchers say the leak shows Russian cyber capability is institutionally sustained through recruitment pipelines beyond the familiar APT28 and Sandworm brand names.

Schneier on Security·Sep 1, 16:29 UTC · 14d agoThreat actor

Prompt Injections for Defense

Tracebit researchers show prompt injections placed next to AWS secrets can stop AI hacking agents by triggering forbidden outputs, a technique called context bombing.

Researchers from Tracebit reported that placing prompt injections alongside passwords, SSH keys, and other secrets stored on AWS could shut down attacks by AI hacking agents. The injected prompts order the attacking LLM to perform actions forbidden by its guardrails, such as explaining how to develop inhalable Anthrax spores or referencing Tank Man, causing guarded models to halt. The researchers named the technique context bombing and note it only works against agents with guardrails, not locally run guardrail-free models.

Schneier on Security·Aug 12, 09:57 UTC · Aug 12, 2026AI safety & security

Why federal cyber defense demands an offense-driven mindset

Opinion piece argues federal agencies should prioritize exploitability and autonomous penetration testing over static CVSS-based patching, citing CISA's BOD 26-04 and NSA's CAPT program.

The author argues that static CVSS-driven patching leaves federal agencies exposed because vulnerable does not equal exploitable, and adversaries chain misconfigurations and stolen credentials instead of burning zero-days. The piece cites CISA's BOD 26-04 and the NSA's Continuous Autonomous Penetration Testing (CAPT) program, which logged 28,282 completed pentests across 822 Defense Industrial Base organizations and closed 71% of critical findings within 30 days. It recommends defining risk by exploitability and mission impact and augmenting human pentesting with autonomous validation and verification.

CyberScoop·Sep 8, 18:30 UTC · 7d agoIndustry