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WindRelay Android Malware Turns Victims' Phones Into NFC Relays for Payment Fraud

Group-IB details WindRelay, a new Android NFC relay malware paired with SpyNote RAT to relay card data live for contactless payment fraud and loans.

Group-IB identified WindRelay, a previously unseen Android near-field-communication relay malware first seen in the wild in late August 2025, deployed alongside the SpyNote RAT in a contactless payment fraud scheme. Victims are lured via personalized phishing, smishing, or vishing into sideloading an app; SpyNote's Accessibility access silently installs WindRelay, whose reader component captures live EMV APDU card data over NFC and relays it via WebSocket C2 to an emulator component at a payment terminal. The scheme enables dual monetization: RAT-driven remote access to take out digital loans and NFC relay for physical card-present cashouts, known as Ghost Tap. Twenty-three WindRelay samples uploaded to VirusTotal between November 2025 and July 2026 impersonate financial institutions in Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia, with the technique also spreading to Brazil and Poland.

The Hacker News · Aug 15, 2026Malware in the wild

Zombie Card Attack Can Revive Expired Visa Cards for Contactless Payments

UMass Amherst researchers demonstrate Zombie Card, an NFC relay attack that revives expired Visa contactless cards for in-store purchases without breaking cryptography.

Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst presented the Zombie Card attack at USENIX Security 2026, showing that Visa's Kernel 3 does not cryptographically bind the Application Expiration Date (tag 5F24) the terminal reads with the Track 2 expiry seen by the issuer. By positioning an NFC man-in-the-middle relay, an attacker can rewrite the terminal-facing expiration date of an expired card and complete contactless purchases, provided the account remains open under the same PAN and the bank does not independently re-check expiry. Testing across five major US banks found three distinct policies; Visa Kernel 3 accepted the modified date, while Mastercard, American Express, and Discover kernels declined modified transactions. Findings were disclosed to Visa and affected banks in May 2025, no CVE has been assigned, and no exploitation has been reported.

The Hacker News · 26d agoResearch

New Android malware relays bank cards to fraudsters while victims still hold them

Group-IB discovered WindRelay Android malware that streams NFC card data in real time, paired with SpyNote RAT, targeting Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

Group-IB identified WindRelay, an Android malware that uses NFC to communicate with victims' payment cards and relays the exchange live to attacker-controlled terminals. Fraudsters impersonate bank staff by phone, trick victims into installing a personalized SpyNote RAT, then silently deploy WindRelay to cash out using the victim-entered PIN. Researchers traced 23 samples on VirusTotal from November 2025 to July 2026, four C2 IPs, and campaigns against Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. No affected apps were found on Google Play, and Google Play Protect detects known versions.

Help Net Security · Aug 17, 2026Malware in the wild

Risky Bulletin: Expired cards can be used for new transactions

Researchers show expired Visa contactless cards can be revived via NFC man-in-the-middle relay to run fraudulent transactions; roundup also covers major breaches.

University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers built an NFC man-in-the-middle rig that updates a card's expiration date in transit and relays the modified payment to POS terminals, reviving expired contactless cards; Visa terminals and the backends of all five banks studied failed to catch the manipulation. The same roundup reports Iranian hackers shut down a small UK power plant for four days, Lazarus breached South Korea's Presidential Office as part of a campaign exceeding 100 victims, and French telecom SFR suffered a breach affecting over 2.1 million customers.

Risky Business News · 23d agoResearch1

Your Shredded Visa Card May Still Work at the Checkout

UMass Amherst researchers demonstrated expired Visa contactless cards can complete real purchases via relay attacks exploiting Visa Kernel 3's unsigned expiry date handling.

University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers presented at USENIX Security 2026 that expired Visa contactless cards can be revived for real purchases through an NFC man-in-the-middle attack on Visa's Kernel 3. The attack alters the expiry date the terminal sees (tag 5F24) while leaving the Track 2 Equivalent Data (tag 57) sent to the issuing bank unchanged, and the card's cryptographic signature does not cover the expiry date. Two Android phones emulating card and terminal relayed transactions within Visa's 500-millisecond limit. Mastercard, American Express, and Discover kernels blocked the attack, while Visa Kernel 3 did not; researchers also modified the Consumer Device Cardholder Verification Method flag at five US banks, and attackers can also exploit Terminal Verification Results zero-filling. Visa was notified in May 2025 and December 2025; no CVE has been assigned.

Security Affairs · 25d agoResearch

WindRelay Malware Pairs With SpyNote RAT in Live-Call Scam

New WindRelay Android NFC-relay malware paired with SpyNote RAT enables real-time card cloning during live scam calls.

Infosecurity Magazine reports on WindRelay, a new Android NFC relay malware that was used together with the SpyNote RAT. The malware let a fraudster relay a victim's contactless card data in real time during a live social-engineering call, enabling the card to be cloned mid-call. The attack combines mobile RAT infection with near-field-communication relaying to defeat contactless payment protections.

Infosecurity Magazine · Aug 12, 2026Malware in the wild