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First Galileo SAS Authenticated Time Solution
Researchers demonstrate the first timing solution computed from Galileo's new Signal Authentication Service, protecting receivers against GNSS spoofing.
Galileo's new Signal Authentication Service (SAS) on the E6-C signal directly authenticates ranging measurements, closing a gap left by OSNMA, which only protects navigation data. Researchers built a snapshot software receiver implementing a simplified SAS protocol and computed an authenticated receiver clock bias from recordings of both SAS-capable satellites, collected with a Septentrio SDR prototype. The results demonstrate feasible authenticated timing ahead of full SAS operational deployment.
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SAS: Simple Attention Sparsification via End-to-End Optimization of Context Ranking
SAS trains a gated sparse attention selector end-to-end with the language modeling loss, beating distillation-based sparsifiers on reasoning, long-context, and agentic tasks.
The paper proposes Simple Attention Sparsification (SAS), which injects a selector's continuous scores into attention softmax logits so the language modeling loss directly optimizes context ranking instead of distilling dense attention distributions. Key design choices include log-form gates inside the softmax, normalized gates calibrated against the current block, and preserved continuous selector scores. A memory-efficient Triton kernel integrates SAS into FlashAttention-style computation for long-sequence training. SAS outperforms trainable sparse attention baselines across budgets, with the largest gains under tight attention budgets.
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