React2Shell under attack: RondoDox Botnet spreads miners and malware

Four-Faith industrial router models F3x24 and F3x36 running firmware version 2.0 are vulnerable to OS command injection (CWE-78) through the apply.cgi interface when an attacker modifies the system time over HTTP. The flaw is technically authenticated (CVSS 3.1: 7.2, network-adjacent-remote with high privileges required), but the same firmware ships with default credentials, so any device where defaults were not changed is effectively exposed to unauthenticated remote OS command execution. A successful attacker can run arbitrary commands on the router, gaining full device compromise that can be used for further access or recruitment into botnets. Four-Faith deployments — typically industrial and remote-connectivity routers — are affected, with at least 15,000 routers exposed to the internet and many retaining default credentials. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: a Mirai botnet variant has weaponized the flaw for DDoS attacks, and the RondoDox botnet is also targeting it, consistent with a high EPSS score (84.2% probability of exploitation within 30 days, 100th percentile).

Do: Update F3x24/F3x36 devices to the latest firmware available from Four-Faith and verify apply.cgi handling is fixed; as an immediate mitigation, change default administrator credentials and restrict HTTP management access to trusted networks. Check devices for signs of botnet infection (unexpected outbound traffic or Crontab/persistence changes) and prioritize patching given confirmed in-the-wild exploitation by Mirai and RondoDox botnets.

A vulnerability was found in TBK DVR-4104 and DVR-4216 up to 20240412 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /device.rsp?opt=sys&cmd=___S_O_S_T_R_E_A_MAX___. The manipulation of the argument mdb/mdc leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-260573 was assigned to this vulnerability.

CVE-2025-55182 is a critical (CVSS 10.0) pre-authentication remote code execution flaw (CWE-502, deserialization of untrusted data) in React Server Components, specifically the react-server-dom-parcel, react-server-dom-turbopack, and react-server-dom-webpack packages in versions 19.0.0, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, and 19.2.0. It is triggered when the vulnerable code unsafely deserializes payloads from HTTP requests sent to Server Function endpoints, requiring no authentication or user interaction. An attacker gains arbitrary code execution on the affected server (CVSS scope changed, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability), and reporting notes a campaign in which hackers used the flaw to breach 766 Next.js hosts and steal credentials. Any React/Next.js application exposing Server Functions with the affected React versions is in scope, which given the ubiquity of React and Next.js is a very large deployed base. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2025-12-05 with known ransomware use, EPSS puts the 30-day exploitation probability at 99.8%, multiple public PoC/scanner repositories are available, and coverage has dubbed the flaw React2Shell.

Do: Upgrade the react-server-dom-webpack, react-server-dom-parcel, and react-server-dom-turbopack packages to the vendor-patched releases (any version later than the vulnerable 19.0.0, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, and 19.2.0 line) and update Next.js per Vercel's advisory; as a KEV entry, U.S. federal agencies must apply vendor mitigations per BOD 22-01 or discontinue use. Audit internet-exposed Server Function endpoints for the vulnerable React versions and review logs for exploitation activity, including the reported campaign that breached 766 Next.js hosts and stole credentials, then rotate any exposed credentials.