Russian national facing 20 years for malware campaign that infected 80,000 freelancers

US prosecutors indicted Russian national Searzhudin Aktulaev for a 2016 TVRAT malware campaign that infected 80,000 freelance platform users, carrying up to 20 years.

Searzhudin Tamirlanovich Aktulaev was arrested in Cyprus in May 2025, extradited to the US, and appeared in a San Francisco federal court on charges including conspiracy, aggravated identity theft, and damaging protected computers. Between June 2016 and November 2017 he spread a TVRAT (TVSPY/TeamSpy) variant via malicious Microsoft Excel attachments sent from 255 fake accounts on a freelance employment platform's messaging system, infecting about 80,000 users. TVRAT exploited a TeamViewer vulnerability and DarkVNC exploited a bug in VNC Viewer to take over devices; he used the access to steal data and commit fraud, maintained C2 domains, and stored stolen e-commerce credentials for hundreds of victims. About half the victims were in the US, mostly California; the charges carry a maximum 20-year sentence and his next hearing is October 5.