RondoDox botnet expands arsenal targeting 174 flaws, and hits 15,000 daily exploit attempts

CVE-2023-1389 is a command injection flaw (CWE-77) in TP-Link's Archer AX21 Wi-Fi 6 router that lets an attacker execute arbitrary operating-system commands on the device. It is triggered by sending crafted input to a remotely reachable service on the router, which passes attacker-controlled values to the device's shell without proper sanitization; the source data does not specify the vulnerable endpoint or exact affected firmware ranges. Successful exploitation yields remote code execution on the router, giving the attacker a foothold in the network where the router sits, from which they can pivot or abuse the device further. Any household or organization running an Archer AX21 router is affected, with the highest risk where the router's management interface is exposed to the internet. The flaw was added to CISA's KEV catalog on 2023-05-01, confirming exploitation in the wild; EPSS assigns a ~100% probability of exploitation within 30 days (top percentile), while no public proof-of-concept or ransomware association is documented in the source data.

Do: Update the Archer AX21 to the latest firmware available from TP-Link per the vendor's instructions (fixed firmware is published on the product's TP-Link support page). If updating is not immediately possible, disable WAN-side/remote management and restrict the router's web interface to the local network. Because exploitation is confirmed in the wild, also review exposed routers for signs of compromise, such as unexplained configuration changes or unexpected outbound traffic.

CVE-2023-46604 is a critical deserialization flaw (CWE-502) in the Java OpenWire protocol marshaller of Apache ActiveMQ that permits unauthenticated remote code execution (CVSS 9.8). An attacker with network access to either a Java-based OpenWire broker or client can manipulate serialized class types in the OpenWire protocol, causing the peer to instantiate arbitrary classes on the classpath and execute arbitrary shell commands. Successful exploitation yields full command execution on the target broker or client, with no authentication or user interaction required. Affected parties include anyone running ActiveMQ broker or Java client versions prior to 5.15.16, 5.16.7, 5.17.6, or 5.18.3, as well as NetApp E-Series products and Debian packages that ship affected ActiveMQ/OpenWire components. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw was added to CISA's KEV on 2023-11-02 with known ransomware use (RansomHub), and has been used to drop Kinsing malware, Godzilla web shells, and the DripDropper implant, in some cases with attackers patching the flaw post-exploitation to lock out competing intruders.

Do: Upgrade all ActiveMQ brokers and Java OpenWire clients to 5.15.16, 5.16.7, 5.17.6, or 5.18.3 (or later), and apply the relevant NetApp E-Series and Debian updates for bundled components; restrict the OpenWire port (default TCP 61616) from untrusted networks. Hunt for indicators of the documented campaigns (Godzilla web shells, Kinsing malware, DripDropper, RansomHub) and verify the broker's current version, since attackers have been observed patching the flaw post-exploitation to hide from defenders. The CISA KEV listing means federal agencies must apply vendor mitigations or discontinue use of the product.

Four-Faith industrial router models F3x24 and F3x36 running firmware version 2.0 are vulnerable to OS command injection (CWE-78) through the apply.cgi interface when an attacker modifies the system time over HTTP. The flaw is technically authenticated (CVSS 3.1: 7.2, network-adjacent-remote with high privileges required), but the same firmware ships with default credentials, so any device where defaults were not changed is effectively exposed to unauthenticated remote OS command execution. A successful attacker can run arbitrary commands on the router, gaining full device compromise that can be used for further access or recruitment into botnets. Four-Faith deployments — typically industrial and remote-connectivity routers — are affected, with at least 15,000 routers exposed to the internet and many retaining default credentials. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: a Mirai botnet variant has weaponized the flaw for DDoS attacks, and the RondoDox botnet is also targeting it, consistent with a high EPSS score (84.2% probability of exploitation within 30 days, 100th percentile).

Do: Update F3x24/F3x36 devices to the latest firmware available from Four-Faith and verify apply.cgi handling is fixed; as an immediate mitigation, change default administrator credentials and restrict HTTP management access to trusted networks. Check devices for signs of botnet infection (unexpected outbound traffic or Crontab/persistence changes) and prioritize patching given confirmed in-the-wild exploitation by Mirai and RondoDox botnets.

A vulnerability was found in TBK DVR-4104 and DVR-4216 up to 20240412 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /device.rsp?opt=sys&cmd=___S_O_S_T_R_E_A_MAX___. The manipulation of the argument mdb/mdc leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-260573 was assigned to this vulnerability.

CVE-2025-55182 is a critical (CVSS 10.0) pre-authentication remote code execution flaw (CWE-502, deserialization of untrusted data) in React Server Components, specifically the react-server-dom-parcel, react-server-dom-turbopack, and react-server-dom-webpack packages in versions 19.0.0, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, and 19.2.0. It is triggered when the vulnerable code unsafely deserializes payloads from HTTP requests sent to Server Function endpoints, requiring no authentication or user interaction. An attacker gains arbitrary code execution on the affected server (CVSS scope changed, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability), and reporting notes a campaign in which hackers used the flaw to breach 766 Next.js hosts and steal credentials. Any React/Next.js application exposing Server Functions with the affected React versions is in scope, which given the ubiquity of React and Next.js is a very large deployed base. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2025-12-05 with known ransomware use, EPSS puts the 30-day exploitation probability at 99.8%, multiple public PoC/scanner repositories are available, and coverage has dubbed the flaw React2Shell.

Do: Upgrade the react-server-dom-webpack, react-server-dom-parcel, and react-server-dom-turbopack packages to the vendor-patched releases (any version later than the vulnerable 19.0.0, 19.1.0, 19.1.1, and 19.2.0 line) and update Next.js per Vercel's advisory; as a KEV entry, U.S. federal agencies must apply vendor mitigations per BOD 22-01 or discontinue use. Audit internet-exposed Server Function endpoints for the vulnerable React versions and review logs for exploitation activity, including the reported campaign that breached 766 Next.js hosts and stole credentials, then rotate any exposed credentials.