cdpwn - Millions of devices at risk due to flaws in implementations of Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

A vulnerability in the Cisco Discovery Protocol implementation for the Cisco Video Surveillance 8000 Series IP Cameras could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to execute code remotely or cause a reload of an affected IP Camera. The vulnerability is due to missing checks when processing Cisco Discovery Protocol messages. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious Cisco Discovery Protocol packet to the targeted IP Camera. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to expose the affected IP Camera for remote code execution or cause it to reload unexpectedly, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. Cisco Discovery Protocol is a Layer 2 protocol. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must be in the same broadcast domain as the affected device (Layer 2 adjacent). This vulnerability is fixed in Video Surveillance 8000 Series IP Camera Firmware Release 1.0.7 and later.

A vulnerability in the Cisco Discovery Protocol implementation for the Cisco IP Phone could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to remotely execute code with root privileges or cause a reload of an affected IP phone. The vulnerability is due to missing checks when processing Cisco Discovery Protocol messages. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted Cisco Discovery Protocol packet to the targeted IP phone. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to remotely execute code with root privileges or cause a reload of an affected IP phone, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. Cisco Discovery Protocol is a Layer 2 protocol. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must be in the same broadcast domain as the affected device (Layer 2 adjacent).

CVE-2020-3118 is a format string vulnerability (CWE-134) in the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) implementation of Cisco IOS XR Software, caused by improper validation of string input from certain fields in CDP messages. An unauthenticated attacker who is Layer 2 adjacent (on the same broadcast domain) can trigger it by sending a malicious CDP packet to an affected device, causing a stack overflow (CWE-787). A successful exploit allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code with administrative privileges on the device, or alternatively to cause a device reload (denial of service). Any organization running Cisco IOS XR — typically service-provider and large-enterprise core, edge, and aggregation routers — is affected whenever CDP is enabled on interfaces reachable by an attacker at Layer 2. The flaw is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2021-11-03), indicating known exploitation in the wild, with no public PoC identified and an EPSS estimate of 11.7% (96th percentile) for exploitation within 30 days.

Do: Apply updates to affected Cisco IOS XR devices per Cisco's advisory, as required by the CISA KEV catalog. As interim mitigation, disable Cisco Discovery Protocol on interfaces connected to untrusted Layer 2 segments or restrict broadcast-domain access to trusted devices. Prioritize IOS XR devices where untrusted users, partners, or shared infrastructure exist on the same VLAN or broadcast domain, since exploitation requires only L2 adjacency.

A vulnerability in the Cisco Discovery Protocol implementation for Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a reload on an affected device. The vulnerability exists because the Cisco Discovery Protocol parser does not properly validate input for certain fields in a Cisco Discovery Protocol message. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious Cisco Discovery Protocol packet to an affected device. An successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause a stack overflow, which could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code with administrative privileges on an affected device. Cisco Discovery Protocol is a Layer 2 protocol. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must be in the same broadcast domain as the affected device (Layer 2 adjacent).

A vulnerability in the Cisco Discovery Protocol implementation for Cisco FXOS Software, Cisco IOS XR Software, and Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a reload of an affected device, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to a missing check when the affected software processes Cisco Discovery Protocol messages. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious Cisco Discovery Protocol packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to exhaust system memory, causing the device to reload. Cisco Discovery Protocol is a Layer 2 protocol. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must be in the same broadcast domain as the affected device (Layer 2 adjacent).