Banking Trojan attacks increase, large scale Ramnit campaign impacts organizations worldwide
Vulnerabilities mentionedAll →
| CVE | Vulnerability | CVSS | EPSS | Flags | Affected | Exposure | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2014-0160 | Heartbleed: unauthenticated memory disclosure in OpenSSL TLS/DTLS heartbeat handling The flaw (CVE-2014-0160, widely known as 'Heartbleed') is an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the TLS and DTLS implementations of OpenSSL, caused by improper handling of Heartbeat Extension packets. A remote, unauthenticated attacker triggers it by sending a crafted heartbeat request whose declared payload length exceeds the data actually sent, causing OpenSSL to copy up to roughly 64 KB of adjacent process memory into the response. The attacker gains chunks of process memory per request — potentially TLS private keys, session cookies, usernames and passwords — and can repeat the request to harvest more, typically without any trace in logs. Any server or client running a vulnerable OpenSSL release that enables TLS or DTLS heartbeats is affected, which at the time of disclosure included hundreds of thousands of internet-exposed HTTPS servers as well as appliances, load balancers, and bundled libraries. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the vulnerability is listed in CISA KEV (added 2022-05-04, required action: apply updates per vendor instructions) and EPSS assigns it the maximum 100% probability of exploitation within 30 days. Do: Apply OpenSSL updates per your OS or vendor's instructions — the upstream fix at the time of the 2014 disclosure was OpenSSL 1.0.1g, with most distributions shipping backported patches — and restart or rebuild every service linked against OpenSSL, including bundled copies in load balancers, appliances, and VPN or management interfaces. Because leaked memory can include TLS private keys, treat keys and certificates on affected endpoints as compromised: rotate keys, reissue and revoke certificates, and invalidate session cookies and credentials that may have leaked. Confirm the heartbeat fix is present on all TLS/DTLS endpoints to satisfy the CISA KEV required action. | — | 100% | KEV |
| mass≈500,000+ internet-exposed HTTPS servers at the time of disclosure, plus vastly larger embedded/library deployments | |
| CVE-2017-5638 | Unauthenticated RCE in Apache Struts Jakarta Multipart parser CVE-2017-5638 is an improper input validation flaw (CWE-20) in the Jakarta Multipart parser of Apache Struts, in which the parser mishandles the Content-Type value of a file upload and allows malicious upload leading to remote code execution. It is triggered remotely without authentication by sending a crafted Content-Type header in a multipart request to a Struts endpoint; no valid upload or credentials are required. A successful attacker gains code execution in the security context of the application server, which typically enables host compromise, data theft, or ransomware deployment. Any organization running Apache Struts applications that use the Jakarta Multipart parser is affected; the provided data specifies only "Apache Struts" and gives no version ranges. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw is listed in CISA KEV (added 2021-11-03) with known ransomware use, EPSS assigns it roughly a 100% exploitation probability (100th percentile), and no public PoC is catalogued in the source data. Do: Apply updates per vendor instructions: upgrade Apache Struts to the releases that fix this flaw (2.3.32 / 2.5.10.1 or later, per Apache advisory S2-045), and check for Struts jars bundled inside application packages and vendor appliances. Prioritize internet-facing apps, and as an interim mitigation validate or filter the Content-Type header on multipart requests. Because exploitation is in the wild and ransomware use is known, also review web and application server logs for evidence of successful compromise. | 9.8 | 100% | KEV ransomware PoC ×10 |
| masslikely hundreds of thousands of deployments (tens of thousands of Struts hosts were internet-exposed in public scans) | |
| CVE-2017-7269 | Buffer Overflow in Microsoft IIS 6.0 via WebDAV PROPFIND Header CVE-2017-7269 is a buffer overflow (CWE-119) in Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0, the web server shipped with Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2. A remote attacker triggers it by sending a WebDAV PROPFIND request whose overly long header begins with 'If: <http://', overflowing a buffer during header parsing. Successful exploitation allows remote code execution on the affected web server, giving the attacker control of the host at the web service's privilege level. Only organizations still running IIS 6.0 on Windows Server 2003 R2 are affected, typically legacy web servers, since that OS reached end of support in July 2015. The flaw is in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2021-11-03) and carries a 99.8% EPSS score (100th percentile), indicating active in-the-wild exploitation; no public PoC is recorded in this data and, because the OS is out of support, no generally distributed patch exists. Do: Inventory internet-facing systems still running IIS 6.0 on Windows Server 2003 R2 and prioritize migration to a supported Windows/IIS version, since no general patch was released for this out-of-support product (custom-support customers may be able to obtain a hotfix from Microsoft). As interim mitigation, disable WebDAV if it is not needed, or block or limit PROPFIND requests and long 'If' headers via IIS request filtering, a reverse proxy, or a WAF. Per the KEV entry, apply updates per vendor instructions; ransomware association is currently unknown. | 9.8 | 100% | KEV PoC ×5 |
| largetens of thousands of internet-exposed IIS 6.0 servers today (hundreds of thousands at the 2017 disclosure) |
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Check Point revealed a significant increase in attacks using the Ramnit banking trojan. Ramnit has doubled its global impact over the past few months, driven by a large scale campaign that has been converting victim’s machines into malicious proxy servers.
Ramnit “black” botnet geography
During August 2018, Ramnit became the most prevalent banking Trojan in an upward trend in the use of banking Trojans that has more than doubled since June 2018.
“This is the second summer running where we have seen criminals increasingly using banking trojans to target victims and make a quick profit,” Maya Horowitz, Threat Intelligence Group Manager at Check Point commented. “Trends like this should not be ignored as hackers are acutely aware of which attack vectors are most likely to be successful at any given time, suggesting internet users’ browsing habits during the summer months make them more susceptible to banking trojans. This underlines that malicious hackers are tenacious and sophisticated in their attempts to extort money.”
Horowitz added: “In order to prevent exploitation by banking trojans – and other types of attacks – it is critical that enterprises employ a multi-layered cybersecurity strategy that protects against both established malware families cyber-attacks and brand new threats.”
During August 2018, the Coinhive cryptominer remained the most prevalent malware, impacting 17% of organization worldwide. Dorkbot and Andromeda were ranked in second and third place respectively, each with a global impact of 6%.
August 2018 top 3 most wanted
1. Coinhive – Crypto Miner designed to perform online mining of Monero cryptocurrency when a user visits a web page without the user’s knowledge or approval the profits with the user. The implanted JavaScript uses a great deal of the computational resources of end users’ machines to mine coins, and may crash the system.
2. Dorkbot – IRC-based Worm designed to allow remote code execution by its operator, as well as the download of additional malware to the infected system. It is a Trojan, with the primary motivation being to steal sensitive information and launch denial-of-service attacks.
3. Andromeda – Modular bot used mainly as a backdoor to deliver additional malware on infected hosts, but can be modified to create different types of botnets.
August 2018 top 3 most wanted mobile malware
1. Lokibot – Android banking Trojan and info-stealer, which can also turn into a ransomware that locks the phone in case its admin privileges are removed.
2. Lotoor – Hack tool that exploits vulnerabilities on Android operating system in order to gain root privileges on compromised mobile devices.
3. Triada – Modular Backdoor for Android which grants super user privileges to downloaded malware, as helps it to get embedded into system processes. Triada has also been seen spoofing URLs loaded in the browser.
Researchers also analyzed the most exploited cyber vulnerabilities. In first place was CVE-2017-7269, with a global impact of 47%. In the second place was OpenSSL TLS DTLS Heartbeat Information Disclosure with a global impact of 41%, followed by CVE-2017-5638 impacting 36% of organizations.
August 2018 top 3 most exploited vulnerabilities
1. Microsoft IIS WebDAV ScStoragePathFromUrl Buffer Overflow (CVE-2017-7269) – By sending a crafted request over a network to Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 through Microsoft Internet Information Services 6.0, a remote attacker could execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service conditions on the target server. That is mainly due to a buffer overflow vulnerability resulted by improper validation of a long header in HTTP request.
2. OpenSSL TLS DTLS Heartbeat Information Disclosure (CVE-2014-0160; CVE-2014-0346) – An information disclosure vulnerability exists in OpenSSL. The vulnerability is due to an error when handling TLS/DTLS heartbeat packets. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose memory contents of a connected client or server.
3. D-Link DSL-2750B Remote Command Execution – A remote code execution vulnerability has been reported in D-Link DSL-2750B routers. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution on the vulnerable device.
Text extracted automatically; images, tables and formatting may be missing. Original: https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2018/09/12/banking-trojan-attacks-increase/