Microsoft Patch Tuesday for July 2025 — Snort rules and prominent vulnerabilities
Vulnerabilities mentionedAll →
| CVE | Vulnerability | CVSS | EPSS | Flags | Affected | Exposure | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-47981 +1 in the same advisory: …47980 | Unauthenticated Heap Buffer Overflow RCE in Windows SPNEGO (CVE-2025-47981) CVE-2025-47981 is a critical (CVSS 9.8) heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation component, part of Windows' Negotiate authentication stack. An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger the overflow by sending specially crafted authentication negotiation traffic to a service that processes SPNEGO/Negotiate authentication over the network. Successful exploitation yields remote code execution with no privileges or user interaction required (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), and press coverage of the July 2025 release describes the bug as potentially wormable. All listed supported Windows 10 and Windows 11 client builds and Windows Server 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2019 are affected, since SPNEGO is a default Windows component. The flaw was fixed in the July 2025 Patch Tuesday; it is not yet in CISA KEV and Microsoft reported no active exploitation, but public proof-of-concept code and detection/mitigation scripts exist, and EPSS estimates a 32.6% probability of exploitation within 30 days (98th percentile). Do: Apply the July 2025 Microsoft Patch Tuesday security updates (the cumulative updates for the affected Windows 10/11 client branches and Windows Server 2008/2012/2016/2019) on all systems, prioritizing internet-facing servers and hosts that accept Negotiate/SPNEGO authentication such as web and application servers. Until patched, limit untrusted network access to services using Negotiate authentication and use the published third-party detection and mitigation scripts (e.g., the Vicarius scripts referenced in public coverage) to identify and contain vulnerable hosts. No active exploitation has been reported as of the July 2025 release, but public PoCs exist, so patch before widespread scanning or weaponization begins. | 9.8 group max | 33% | PoC ×3 |
| mass≈1 billion+ Windows client and server installations (SPNEGO/Negotiate is a default Windows component present on every in-scope Windows 10/11 and Server build) | |
| CVE-2025-48822 | Out-of-bounds read in Windows Hyper-V allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. Out-of-bounds read in Windows Hyper-V allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. NVD description · AI analysis pending | 8.6 | <1% |
| — | ||
| CVE-2025-49695 | Use after free in Microsoft Office allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. Use after free in Microsoft Office allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. NVD description · AI analysis pending | 8.4 group max | <1% |
| — | ||
| CVE-2025-49701 | Improper authorization in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Improper authorization in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. NVD description · AI analysis pending | 8.8 | 1% |
| — | ||
| CVE-2025-49704 | Authenticated Code Injection RCE in Microsoft SharePoint CVE-2025-49704 is a code injection vulnerability (CWE-94) in Microsoft SharePoint that allows an authorized (authenticated) attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server over the network, by sending requests whose attacker-controlled input SharePoint executes as code. It can be chained with CVE-2025-49706, and Microsoft subsequently issued CVE-2025-53770 as a patch bypass of the original CVE-2025-49704 fix, meaning the CVE-2025-53770 updates provide stronger protection and should be treated as the definitive remediation. Successful exploitation yields remote code execution on the SharePoint server, and CISA added the flaw to the KEV on 2025-07-22 with known ransomware use. Organizations running on-premises SharePoint Server are affected; CISA directs owners of public-facing servers running EOL/EOS versions (SharePoint Server 2013 and earlier) to disconnect them, and operators of supported versions to apply the CISA and vendor mitigations and updates, with cloud SharePoint services governed by BOD 22-01. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild and EPSS assigns a 100% probability of exploitation within 30 days (top percentile), although no public proof-of-concept code is documented. Do: Apply Microsoft's SharePoint Server updates for CVE-2025-53770, which supersede the original CVE-2025-49704 fixes with more robust protection, prioritizing internet-facing servers. Disconnect public-facing SharePoint servers running EOL/EOS versions (SharePoint Server 2013 and earlier), and for supported versions follow the CISA and vendor mitigations, with cloud services handled per BOD 22-01. Because in-the-wild exploitation and ransomware use are confirmed, hunt for indicators of compromise and ransomware activity on exposed SharePoint servers. | 8.8 | 100% | KEV ransomware |
| masstens of thousands of internet-exposed SharePoint servers per public scans, within a total on-premises install base plausibly exceeding 100,000 deployments… | |
| CVE-2025-49717 | Heap-based buffer overflow in SQL Server allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Heap-based buffer overflow in SQL Server allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. NVD description · AI analysis pending | 8.5 | <1% |
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| CVE-2025-49724 | Use after free in Windows Connected Devices Platform Service allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Use after free in Windows Connected Devices Platform Service allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. NVD description · AI analysis pending | 8.8 | 8% |
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| CVE-2025-49735 | Use after free in Windows KDC Proxy Service (KPSSVC) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Use after free in Windows KDC Proxy Service (KPSSVC) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. NVD description · AI analysis pending | 8.1 | 1% |
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Full article746 words · extracted from blog.talosintelligence.com · click to collapse
Tuesday, July 8, 2025 16:29
Microsoft has released its monthly security update for July 2025, which includes 132 vulnerabilities affecting a range of products, including 14 that Microsoft marked as “critical.”
In this month's release, Microsoft observed none of the included vulnerabilities being actively exploited in the wild. Out of 14 "critical" entries, 11 are remote code execution (RCE) vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows services and applications including KDC Proxy service, Microsoft Office and SharePoint server.
CVE-2025-49735 is an RCE vulnerability in Windows KDC Proxy Service (KPSSVC) given a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.1. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an unauthenticated attacker could use a specially-crafted application to leverage a cryptographic protocol vulnerability in KPSSVC to perform RCE against the target. Microsoft has noted that this vulnerability only affects Windows servers that are configured as a Kerberos key Distribution Center (KDC) Proxy Protocol server, and domain controllers are not affected. Microsoft assessed that the attack complexity is “high,” and exploitation is "more likely."
CVE-2025-49704 is an RCE vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint server given a CVSS 3.1 score of 7.7. Microsoft noted that this vulnerability in Microsoft Office SharePoint is due to improper control of generation of code (“code injection”) which would allow an authenticated attacker to execute code over a network. To exploit this vulnerability, an authenticated attacker in a network-based attack, with a minimum of Site Member permission, could execute arbitrary code remotely on the SharePoint server. Microsoft assessed that the attack complexity is “low,” and exploitation is “more likely."
CVE-2025-49695, CVE-2025-49696, CVE-2025-49697, CVE-2025-49698, CVE-2025-49702 and CVE-2025-49703 are RCE vulnerabilities in Microsoft Office and Microsoft Word. The vulnerabilities CVE-2025-49695 and CVE-2025-49698 are "use after free” (UAF) vulnerabilities that occur when Microsoft Office tries to access memory that has already been freed. CVE-2025-49696 is an out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office. Microsoft assessed that for CVE-2025-49695 and CVE-2025-49696, the attack complexity is "low," and exploitation is "more likely." For CVE-2025-49697, CVE-2025-49698, CVE-2025-49702 and CVE-2025-49703, the attack complexity is "low," and exploitation is "less likely."
CVE-2025-48822 is an RCE vulnerability in Windows Hyper-V Discrete Device Assignment (DDA) given a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.6. This vulnerability is an out-of-bounds read in Hyper-V that could allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. Microsoft assessed that the attack complexity is “low,” and exploitation is “less likely.”
CVE-2025-47981is an RCE vulnerability in SPNEGO Extended Negotiation (NEGOEX) Security Mechanism given a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8. This vulnerability is a heap-based buffer overflow that could allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. According to Microsoft, this vulnerability affects Windows client machines running Windows 10, version 1607 and above, due to the following GPO being enabled by default on these operating systems: "Network security: Allow PKU2U authentication requests to this computer to use online identities." Microsoft has assessed that the attack complexity is “low,” and exploitation is “more likely.”
CVE-2025-49717 is an RCE vulnerability in Microsoft SQL Server, given a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.5. This vulnerability is a heap-based buffer overflow that could allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. However, Microsoft has assessed “exploitation unlikely”.
The last critical vulnerability listed (CVE-2025-47980) is an information disclosure in Windows Imaging Component that, if exploited, could allow an attacker to read small portions of heap memory. Microsoft has assessed that the attack complexity is “low,” and exploitation is “less likely."
Talos would also like to highlight the following "important" vulnerabilities as Microsoft has determined that their exploitation is "more likely:"
- CVE-2025-49701: Microsoft SharePoint Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
- CVE-2025-49724: Windows Connected Devices Platform Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
A complete list of all the other vulnerabilities Microsoft disclosed this month is available on its update page.
In response to these vulnerability disclosures, Talos is releasing a new Snort ruleset that detects attempts to exploit some of them. Please note that additional rules may be released at a future date, and current rules are subject to change pending additional information. Cisco Security Firewall customers should use the latest update to their ruleset by updating their SRU. Open-source Snort Subscriber Ruleset customers can stay up to date by downloading the latest rule pack available for purchase on Snort.org.
Snort 2 rules included in this release that protect against the exploitation of many of these vulnerabilities are: 64435, 64436, 65092, 65096 – 65107, 65110 – 65113.
The following Snort 3 rules are also available: 301114, 301268 – 301272.
Text extracted automatically; images, tables and formatting may be missing. Original: https://blog.talosintelligence.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-july-2025/