RAPID: A Real-Time Defense Against Unauthorized Model Distillation for Text-to-Image Services
RAPID embeds defensive perturbations in a T2I model's shared VAE decoder to block unauthorized black-box distillation in real time.
The paper defends text-to-image services against model theft via black-box output-based distillation, where adversaries collect prompt-image pairs to train substitute models. RAPID integrates defensive perturbations into the shared VAE decoder using self-referenced latent maximization plus reconstruction-guided color regularization, avoiding costly sample-wise online optimization. Across four T2I models and four datasets versus five baselines, it consistently degrades substitute-model generation quality while preserving visual fidelity.
- Defends T2I services against unauthorized distillation without online per-sample optimization
- Self-referenced latent maximization improves transfer to a shared defensive decoder
- Validated on four T2I models and four datasets against five baselines
Full article233 words · extracted from arxiv.org · click to collapse
Diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models are increasingly used for visual content creation, making their generation capability a valuable intellectual property asset. However, this capability is vulnerable to black-box output-based distillation, where an adversary queries the service, collects prompt-image pairs, and trains an unauthorized substitute model that mimics its generation behavior. Existing perturbation-based defenses apply sample-wise optimization to make generated images disruptive to unauthorized training, but introduce substantial computation and latency that reduce the usability of online T2I services. A natural solution is to integrate defensive perturbations into the VAE decoder, allowing the protected model to generate defended images directly without online sample-wise optimization. However, existing sample-wise objectives struggle to transfer to the shared decoder setting. We empirically find that a defensive shared decoder induces a substantially smaller latent shift than sample-wise optimization, suggesting that objective reachability matters more than destructiveness in this setting. To overcome this limitation, we propose RAPID, a self-referenced latent maximization framework that removes external dependencies and encourages the same model update to induce consistently disruptive effects across training samples, thereby improving reachability. We further introduce reconstruction-guided color regularization that blocks the latent shortcut and reinforces visual disruption. Extensive experiments on four T2I models and four datasets, with comparisons against five representative baselines, show that RAPID consistently degrades substitute-model generation quality while preserving service visual fidelity. Our work establishes a paradigm for real-time protection against unauthorized distillation in deployed T2I systems.
Text extracted automatically; images, tables and formatting may be missing. Original: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.15799