Government contractor exposed path to immigration records
Contractor firewall change exposed a classified server holding 50 million immigration records to thousands of VPN users until a researcher's demo forced rollback.
Developers at a government contractor persuaded a Change Acceptance Board to open a firewall rule linking a low-security commercial datacenter to the classified production network. Security officer Joe Brinkley demonstrated he could control a production server holding 50 million immigration records via the shared VPN, where thousands of users had access but only dozens were authorized. The change was reverted immediately after the demonstration; servers still required passwords but lacked MFA and had weak password standards, leaving brute-force risk.
- Firewall change linked a low-security commercial datacenter VPN to classified production systems.
- Compromised production server held 50 million immigration records.
- Thousands shared the commercial VPN; only dozens were authorized for classified access.
- No MFA and weak password standards heightened brute-force risk; rule quickly reverted.
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Welcome back to PWNED, the column where we look at all the ways your security can become self-owned. Today’s scary story involves government contractors who just had to make their lives easier at the expense of locking down sensitive information.
Have a story about someone leaving a gaping hole in their network? Share it with us at pwned@sitpub.com. Anonymity is available upon request.
Our tale of bureaucratic hell comes courtesy of security researcher Joe Brinkley, who previously worked for a government contractor as an information system security officer responsible for firewall rule changes, plus network intrusion detection and prevention.
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To improve the contractor's ability to deploy program changes, some of the org's developers wanted to change the firewall rules so it would be easier to move data from a low-security datacenter where they tested new code to the classified datacenter that housed the production server and data. They wanted to be able to VPN into a low-security commercial datacenter, where other non-governmental tenants, such as Microsoft and Oracle, had servers accessible through the same VPN connection. The datacenter itself provided the VPN, not the government.
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Back then, in the early 2010s, developers would use a provisioning server to help deploy code from dev to production. But there was always a hard firewall between the classified datacenter and the non-classified datacenter. The developers wanted this provisioning server to be able to access all of the production servers that sat in the classified datacenter so they could more easily push the code around.
When the developers suggested they make this change for ease of deploying code, Brinkley told the Change Review Board that it was a very bad idea.
“It creates a very glaring issue that we are going from a low-level secured datacenter all the way up to a high-level, top secret secured datacenter for production, and you guys are opening up a firewall rule that would allow anybody from that low level datacenter to have access into, at a minimum, into the high level datacenter,” Brinkley said.
However, during a week when Brinkley was on vacation, the developers who wanted this firewall change talked directly to the Change Acceptance Board and got the rule changed.
When he got back, Brinkley got a member of his company and a government representative to sit down for a demonstration. Tethering his laptop to his cell phone, he logged into the dev server over the VPN — then turned the box on and off. Then he showed how, with the very same VPN connection, he could get into the prod server and control it. This was a server that had 50 million records about immigration: who was coming to the country, who those people stayed with, and so on.
According to Brinkley, thousands of people had access to the commercial datacenter’s VPN, but only dozens were supposed to have access to the classified government datacenter. The change potentially made the production servers reachable from a network accessible to thousands of VPN users.
Yes, the servers still required a username and password for access, but an enterprising hacker could have tried guessing the correct combos or attempting a brute-force attack. There was no multi-factor authentication and password standards were low at the time.
After Brinkley showed supervisors what was going on, they immediately changed the rule back to the way it was before.
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What we can take away from this lesson is that, even when you have security measures like a VPN and password protection, sensitive data requires additional safeguards. It’s not enough to do the minimum. ®