Ransomware Gangs Exploiting Windows Print Spooler Vulnerabilities

CVE-2021-1675 is a code execution flaw in the Windows Print Spooler service affecting the listed Windows 10, 7, 8.1, RT 8.1 and Windows Server editions. It is triggered through print operations processed by the spooler, notably print driver handling; the public PoC demonstrates DLL injection into the spooler, allowing an attacker to run arbitrary code with the privileges of the spooler service, typically SYSTEM. Successful exploitation yields full system compromise: installing programs, viewing or deleting data, creating accounts, and lateral movement into domains, which is why it has been widely used as a ransomware entry vector. Any Windows system with the Print Spooler service enabled is exposed, and the service runs by default on servers, domain controllers, and most workstations. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: a public PoC is available, the flaw was weaponized by the Magniber and Vice Society ransomware groups, it was added to CISA KEV on 2021-11-03 with known ransomware use, and Microsoft issued out-of-band fixes after it was being exploited in the wild.

Do: Apply Microsoft's out-of-band security updates immediately on all affected Windows client and server systems (per CISA KEV required action), prioritizing domain controllers and print/file servers. As an interim mitigation, disable the Print Spooler service on hosts that do not need printing (e.g., domain controllers) and restrict RPC/network access to the spooler on systems that must keep it running. Check for compromise by looking for unexpected DLL or driver files loaded by the spooler, spoolsv.exe spawning unusual child processes, and ransomware indicators given documented Magniber and Vice Society abuse.

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. UPDATE August 10, 2021: Microsoft has completed the investigation and has released security updates to address this vulnerability. Please see the Security Updates table for the applicable update for your system. We recommend that you install these updates immediately. This security update changes the Point and Print default behavior; please see KB5005652.

Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CVE-2021-34527, widely known as 'PrintNightmare', is a remote code execution flaw in the Microsoft Windows Print Spooler service, which improperly performs privileged file operations such as loading printer driver DLLs. An attacker with low-level access who can reach a machine's spooler, for example a domain user able to add a printer connection via Point and Print, can induce the SYSTEM-privileged service to load an attacker-controlled DLL with no user interaction required (CVSS:3.1 vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N). Successful exploitation yields arbitrary code execution as SYSTEM, letting the attacker install programs, view, change or delete data, and create new accounts with full user rights, effectively achieving complete host compromise. The flaw affects all supported Windows client and server releases in the CISA data, Windows 10 from 1507 through 22H2, Windows 11, Windows RT 8.1, and Windows Server 2008, 2012 and 2016, wherever the Print Spooler service is running. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the bug was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2021-11-03 with known ransomware use, the FBI and CISA have warned of Russian actors exploiting it, and EPSS places the 30-day exploitation probability at 99.8%.

Do: Install the July 2021 security updates immediately, released July 6, 2021 with additional updates on July 7 for Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10 version 1607, and review KB5005010 for restricting installation of new printer drivers after applying the July 6 updates. Where patching is delayed, disable the Print Spooler service on hosts that do not need printing or restrict Point and Print, and verify that NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall and UpdatePromptSettings under HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Printers\PointAndPrint are set to 0 or not defined (these keys do not exist by default, which is the secure state; NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall = 1 makes the system vulnerable by design). Prioritize domain controllers and servers with exposed spoolers, and hunt…

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.