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IoT Under Siege: The Anatomy of the Latest Mirai Campaign Leveraging Multiple IoT Exploits

Unit 42 tracks a Mirai botnet campaign exploiting over 20 IoT vulnerabilities in routers, cameras and DVRs to build DDoS botnets since March 2023.

Since March 2023, Unit 42 has tracked threat actors exploiting more than 20 IoT vulnerabilities to spread a Mirai botnet variant, first seen downloading payloads from zvub.us on March 14, 2023. Exploited flaws span CVE-2023-1389 (TP-Link Archer), CVE-2022-30525 (Zyxel), CVE-2022-31499 (Nortek) and many router, camera and DVR bugs. The variant decrypts configuration strings with an XOR key derived from 0xDEADBEEF and lacks built-in credential brute forcing, so spreading relies on manual operator exploitation. Two campaigns observed since October 2022 share infrastructure and near-identical samples.

Palo Alto Unit 42 · 29d agoMalware in the wildCVE-2019-12725CVE-2019-17621CVE-2019-20500+13 CVEs1

[0day-rubbish] QuantaStor 6.8.3.018 Command injection in the alert-mail command via the smtpPassword field (8.8)

QuantaStor 6.8.3.018 has a CVSS 8.8 command injection in its alert-mail command, exploitable via the smtpPassword field.

0day Rubbish Research Team disclosed a command injection (CWE-78) in QuantaStor 6.8.3.018's alert-mail command, reachable through the smtpPassword field. The flaw scores CVSS 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). No CVE identifier or evidence of active exploitation is mentioned in the disclosure.

Full Disclosure · 7d agoVulnerability 2 sources

Mirai Variant V3G4 Targets IoT Devices

Unit 42 tracked the Mirai variant V3G4 exploiting 13 vulnerabilities across IoT devices and servers from July-December 2022 to build a DDoS botnet.

From July to December 2022, Unit 42 observed three campaigns spreading V3G4, a Mirai botnet variant, by exploiting 13 vulnerabilities, including CVE-2022-26134 in Atlassian Confluence and CVE-2019-15107 in Webmin. The campaigns shared the same C2 domains containing the string 8xl9, nearly identical shell script downloaders, and the same XOR keys, suggesting a single threat actor. The malware brute-forces telnet and SSH credentials, terminates rival botnet processes via a stop list, and receives DDoS commands from its C2. Compromised servers and networking devices are absorbed into the botnet for further attacks.

Palo Alto Unit 42 · 29d agoMalware in the wildCVE-2012-4869CVE-2014-9727CVE-2017-5173+6 CVEs

[0day-rubbish] core-admin 1.0.164 (build 16468) Systemic shell command injection via ineffective quote escaping (8.8)

0day Rubbish discloses a CVSS 8.8 shell command injection in core-admin 1.0.164 via ineffective quote escaping, enabling authenticated remote code execution.

0day Rubbish Research Team publicly disclosed a systemic shell command injection (CWE-78) in core-admin 1.0.164 (build 16468). The flaw stems from ineffective quote escaping and scores 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). The disclosure does not mention a CVE identifier or observed exploitation in the wild.

Full Disclosure · 7d agoVulnerability1

[0day-rubbish] OP5 Monitor 9.20 Command injection surviving the CVE-2025-34115 patch (OPT-IN fix ineffective) (8.8)

OP5 Monitor 9.20 remains vulnerable to CVSS 8.8 command injection because the CVE-2025-34115 fix is opt-in and ineffective.

0day Rubbish Research Team disclosed a command injection (CWE-78) in OP5 Monitor 9.20 that survives the existing CVE-2025-34115 patch, which is opt-in and described as ineffective. The issue scores CVSS 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Administrators who previously applied the vendor fix may still be exposed.

Full Disclosure · 7d agoVulnerability 2 sourcesCVE-2025-34115

A Deep Dive Into Attempted Exploitation of CVE-2023

Mirai-like botnet scans exploit TP-Link EOL router flaw CVE-2023-33538 after CISA KEV addition, though observed exploit code is flawed.

Unit 42 observed large-scale automated scans attempting to exploit CVE-2023-33538 in end-of-life TP-Link TL-WR940N, TL-WR740N and TL-WR841N routers after CISA added the flaw to its KEV catalog in June 2025. HTTP GET requests inject commands via the ssid1 parameter at the /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm endpoint to download and execute an arm7 ELF binary, a Mirai variant related to the Condi IoT botnet. Firmware emulation and reverse engineering showed the observed exploits are flawed and would fail, but the underlying vulnerability is real and successful exploitation requires authentication to the router's web interface. TP-Link confirmed the devices are end-of-life with no patches available and recommends replacing units and eliminating default credentials.

Palo Alto Unit 42 · 27d agoExploit / PoC in the wildCVE-2023-335381

[remote] D-Link DNS_340L - OS Command Injection

An OS command injection exploit was published for the D-Link DNS-340L NAS, a flaw relevant to exposed network storage devices.

Exploit-DB published exploit #52643 for the D-Link DNS-340L network-attached storage device. The vulnerability is an OS command injection, which could allow arbitrary command execution on affected devices. The disclosure text does not report exploitation in the wild.

Exploit-DB · Aug 17, 2026Exploit / PoC

[webapps] CorgetGpsDget 2_3.2 - OS Command Injection

Exploit-DB publishes OS command injection exploit for the obscure CorgetGpsDget 2_3.2 web application.

A public exploit demonstrates OS command injection in CorgetGpsDget version 2_3.2. The flaw could allow attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the hosting server. The product appears to have limited deployment, reducing real-world exposure.

Exploit-DB · Aug 10, 2026Exploit / PoC

[webapps] Linksys E1200_2.0.04 - Unauthenticated OS Command Injection

A proof-of-concept for unauthenticated OS command injection in Linksys E1200 router firmware 2.0.04 has been published on Exploit-DB.

Exploit-DB entry 52660 discloses an unauthenticated OS command injection affecting the Linksys E1200 wireless router running firmware version 2.0.04. The flaw is categorized as a web application vulnerability. No CVE identifier or evidence of in-the-wild exploitation is provided in the listing.

Exploit-DB · 16d agoExploit / PoC

ZDI-26-561: (Pwn2Own) Home Assistant Green go2rtc Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

ZDI disclosed a Pwn2Own command injection flaw (CVSS 7.5) in Home Assistant Green's go2rtc, enabling network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code via localhost access.

The Zero Day Initiative published ZDI-26-561 for a command injection remote code execution flaw in go2rtc on Home Assistant Green, demonstrated at Pwn2Own. Network-adjacent attackers can execute arbitrary code after first gaining access to the device's localhost interface. ZDI rated the issue CVSS 7.5.

ZDI Published Advisories · Aug 12, 2026Advisory

ZDI-26-560: (Pwn2Own) Home Assistant Green go2rtc Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

ZDI disclosed another Pwn2Own command injection flaw (CVSS 7.5) in Home Assistant Green's go2rtc, enabling network-adjacent code execution after obtaining localhost access.

The Zero Day Initiative published ZDI-26-560 for a second command injection remote code execution flaw in go2rtc on Home Assistant Green, demonstrated at Pwn2Own. Network-adjacent attackers can execute arbitrary code after first obtaining access to the device's localhost interface. ZDI rated the issue CVSS 7.5.

ZDI Published Advisories · Aug 12, 2026Advisory

ZDI-26-531: SonicWall GMS Virtual Appliance interface Command Injection Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

ZDI discloses CVE-2026-66148, a command injection local privilege escalation in SonicWall GMS Virtual Appliance rated CVSS 7.8.

ZDI-26-531 describes a command injection vulnerability in the SonicWall GMS Virtual Appliance interface that allows local attackers to escalate privileges. Exploitation requires the attacker to first execute low-privileged code on the target system. ZDI assigned a CVSS score of 7.8, tracked as CVE-2026-66148.

ZDI Published Advisories · Aug 11, 2026VulnerabilityCVE-2026-66148

ZDI-26-581: Cisco Identity Services Engine invokeScript Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

ZDI details CVE-2026-20147, an authenticated command injection in Cisco Identity Services Engine allowing remote code execution, rated CVSS 7.2.

ZDI-26-581 describes a command injection flaw in Cisco Identity Services Engine reachable through the invokeScript function. Remote attackers who authenticate can execute arbitrary code on affected installations. The issue is tracked as CVE-2026-20147 and carries a CVSS rating of 7.2. No exploitation activity is reported in the advisory.

ZDI Published Advisories · Aug 13, 2026VulnerabilityCVE-2026-20147

ZDI-26-530: SonicWall Email Security snmp Command Injection Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

ZDI advisory discloses SonicWall Email Security snmp command injection local privilege escalation (CVE-2026-66150, CVSS 7.8).

ZDI advisory ZDI-26-530 describes a command injection vulnerability in the snmp component of SonicWall Email Security, tracked as CVE-2026-66150 with a CVSS score of 7.8. Local attackers who can already execute low-privileged code on the target can escalate privileges on affected installations.

ZDI Published Advisories · Aug 11, 2026AdvisoryCVE-2026-66150

ZDI-26-532: SonicWall Email Security updateNetIf Command Injection Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

ZDI advisory ZDI-26-532 discloses CVE-2026-66149, a command injection in SonicWall Email Security updateNetIf allowing local privilege escalation (CVSS 7.8).

SonicWall Email Security contains a command injection flaw in the updateNetIf routine, tracked as CVE-2026-66149 with CVSS 7.8. A local attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to escalate privileges. The vulnerability was disclosed via ZDI advisory ZDI-26-532.

ZDI Published Advisories · Aug 11, 2026VulnerabilityCVE-2026-66149

ZDI-26-645: Fortinet FortiSandbox write_remote_backup_to_crontab cronValue Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

ZDI publishes ZDI-26-645 for CVE-2026-84387, an authenticated command injection RCE in Fortinet FortiSandbox via crontab backup, rated CVSS 7.2.

Zero Day Initiative published advisory ZDI-26-645 describing a command injection flaw in Fortinet FortiSandbox's write_remote_backup_to_crontab function. Remote authenticated attackers can execute arbitrary code through the cronValue parameter. ZDI rated the issue CVSS 7.2 and assigned CVE-2026-84387.

ZDI Published Advisories · 7d agoAdvisoryCVE-2026-84387

Evooo1Bot Linux Botnet Exploits Known Flaws to Turn Edge Devices Into SOCKS5 Proxies

Fortinet researchers documented Evooo1Bot, a new Mirai-derived Linux botnet active since July 2026 that exploits known edge-device flaws to build SOCKS5 proxy networks.

Fortinet FortiGuard Labs identified Evooo1Bot, a previously undocumented Linux botnet built on the leaked Mirai source code, active in the wild since July 2026 and targeting internet-facing edge devices. It exploits numerous known CVEs in routers and devices from D-Link, Tenda, Telesquare, Zyxel, Hikvision, Atlassian Confluence, WSO2, TP-Link, NETGEAR, and others, delivering a bot binary via a wget.sh loader from 91.92.40.118 that clears bash history. The bot offers encrypted C2 on port 443, SSH brute-force scanning, credential sniffing, DDoS over DNS/TCP/UDP, an HTTP exploit dispatcher, and converts infected hosts into SOCKS5 proxies for anonymizing follow-on operations.

The Hacker News · Aug 17, 2026Malware in the wildCVE-2007-3010CVE-2016-6277CVE-2018-14558+15 CVEs

New Mirai-Based Evooo1Bot Botnet Targets Linux Devices

FortiGuard Labs disclosed Evooo1Bot, a Mirai-based Linux botnet active since July 2026 that hijacks routers and IoT devices for DDoS, credential theft, and SOCKS5 proxying.

Fortinet's FortiGuard Labs disclosed Evooo1Bot, a previously undocumented Linux botnet active since July 2026 that reuses Mirai's DDoS engine while adding encrypted C2, SSH brute-force scanning, credential sniffing, and SOCKS5 proxy modules. The bot exploits 18 known CVEs across Alcatel, NETGEAR, Tenda, D-Link, Telesquare, and Mitsubishi devices, some dating back to 2007, and communicates exclusively over port 443 to blend with HTTPS traffic. Compromised hosts can be turned into SOCKS5 relays for anonymous traffic forwarding or monetization via proxy services. The malware uses AES-256-CTR, ChaCha20, and XOR obfuscation with a 28-command administration interface.

Security Affairs · 29d agoMalware in the wildCVE-2007-3010CVE-2016-6277CVE-2018-14558+7 CVEs

Old Wine in the New Bottle: Mirai Variant Targets Multiple IoT Devices

Unit 42 analyzed the Mirai IZ1H9 botnet variant exploiting Tenda, LB-Link, DCN and Zyxel flaws to build DDoS-capable IoT botnets.

Unit 42 observed the Mirai IZ1H9 variant on April 10, 2023, using a shell script downloader lb.sh from 163.123.143.126 to infect exposed Linux servers and networking devices. Campaigns running since November 2021 share infrastructure, near-identical bot functions and the XOR key 0xBAADF00D. The malware exploits CVE-2023-27076 (Tenda G103), CVE-2023-26801 (LB-Link), CVE-2023-26802 (DCN DCBI-Netlog-LAB) and a Zyxel RCE flaw. Compromised devices join a botnet used for DDoS attacks, and the downloader deletes logs and modifies iptables to block SSH, Telnet and HTTP recovery.

Palo Alto Unit 42 · 29d agoMalware in the wildCVE-2023-27076CVE-2023-26801CVE-2023-26802

Snowflake GitHub Actions Flaw Lets Crafted Issues Trigger Command Injection

Wiz disclosed a GitHub Actions workflow injection in Snowflake's snowflake-connector-net repo that exposed Jira API tokens; Snowflake patched the flaw.

Wiz disclosed a workflow injection flaw in Snowflake's snowflake-connector-net repository, where attacker-controlled GitHub issue fields were expanded directly into a shell run block. Wiz's Red Agent exploited it during authorized security testing, received an out-of-band runner callback and retrieved a Jira API token with read access to engineering, security compliance and bug bounty projects. Snowflake merged a fix on June 23, 2026, rotated the token and said its investigation found no evidence of unauthorized access. No CVE, CVSS score or KEV entry has been assigned for the issue.

The Hacker News · 29d agoVulnerability1