Search: “space-policy”

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The Convergence of Space and Cyber: Evolving Threats in the Space Race 2.0

Recorded Future whitepaper warns nation-state cyber operations targeting satellites, ground stations and space supply chains will intensify during 'Space Race 2.0'.

Recorded Future's whitepaper argues that cyber operations will be decisive in the second space race, with espionage, destructive attacks, supply chain compromise and signal hijacking already affecting orbital assets and ground infrastructure. It predicts nation-states will extend cyber targeting toward deep-space ambitions such as lunar colonization and asteroid mining. The paper references the SPARTA adversarial framework and forums like Defence Space 24, and highlights US Space Command's integration of cyber and intelligence into space operations.

Recorded Future·Sep 9, 00:00 UTC · 8d agoResearch

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Agent as Policy for Robotic Manipulation

Agent as Policy lets a general-purpose agent drive a physical robot via runtime reasoning and program generation, reaching 100% success on manipulation tasks.

The paper introduces Agent as Policy (AGP), which puts task planning and execution for a physical robot under a general-purpose agent's control with no task-specific or environment-specific training. The agent interprets visual evidence, writes executable programs, issues motion commands, and revises actions based on physical outcomes. AGP was evaluated on real-world manipulation tasks including assembly from human videos, block construction from goal images, die reorientation, targeted throwing, and bimanual towel folding. It achieved success rates of 100%, 100%, and 80% on three block construction configurations.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 10, 20:00 UTC · 6d agoAI research

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MInTRL: Off-policy Intervention can boost On-policy RL

MInTRL injects sparse judge corrections into on-policy RL rollouts, expanding exploration beyond on-policy sampling while preserving learnability on math and code benchmarks.

Minimal Intervention Reinforcement Learning periodically has a judge-intervention policy replace erroneous suffixes of the current policy's output with short corrections, then returns control, keeping trajectories largely on-policy. Training uses a sequence-level advantage-regression objective that removes the need for importance sampling. Across math and code benchmarks it consistently beats standard on-policy and off-policy baselines, remains effective with self-intervention, and performs best at moderate intervention intensity.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 10, 20:00 UTC · 6d agoAI research

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Expert-Space Exploration in MoE Reinforcement Learning

ESRL explores MoE expert-routing space during RL, lifting Qwen3-30B-A3B Pass@1 by 3.2 points over GRPO at no extra cost.

ESRL (Expert-Space Exploration Reinforcement Learning) is an architecture-aware framework that treats expert routing in Mixture-of-Experts models as an additional source of rollout diversity. It preserves high-confidence experts as anchors, restricts stochastic routing to a plausible candidate pool, adapts perturbation strength to router entropy, and replays recorded expert paths during policy optimization. ESRL achieves the best performance across top-K, top-1, and shared-expert routing backbones on mathematics, science, and code tasks; on Qwen3-30B-A3B it improves average Pass@1 and Pass@8 over GRPO by 3.2 and 4.5 percentage points respectively, without additional sampling or compute.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 11, 16:58 UTC · 5d agoAI research 2 sources

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Critical Flaw in NASA/JPL Open-Source Spacecraft Command Software Allowed Unauthenticated Command Execution

NASA/JPL's AIT-GUI web console (CVSS 9.4) lacked authentication and CSRF protection, letting anyone send unauthenticated commands to spacecraft instruments; fixed in 2.5.2.

Cycode researchers found that AIT-GUI, the browser console of NASA/JPL's open-source AMMOS Instrument Toolkit, ran an HTTP server with no authentication, no session checks, and no CSRF protection on state-changing endpoints, allowing arbitrary commands to spacecraft instruments. The issue combines four weaknesses: binding to 0.0.0.0 regardless of configured host, missing authentication, missing CSRF defense, and path traversal in the /seq and /script/run endpoints. Tracked as GHSA-p9r8-2q67-fp86 with CVSS 9.4, it is fixed in AIT-GUI 2.5.2. The findings came from AI-assisted code analysis confirmed with working proofs-of-concept, including a headless-browser CSRF demonstration.

Security Affairs·Aug 22, 08:04 UTC · 26d agoVulnerability1

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Measuring Language Transfer in Robot Policies: Adding Greek to a Cosmos3 Vision-Language-Action Policy

Researchers added Greek to the Cosmos3 vision-language-action policy using only machine-rephrased instructions, finding bilingual training reaches roughly two fifths of English performance.

The paper studies localizing the open Cosmos3 vision-language-action robot policy to Greek without architectural changes, using machine-rephrased instructions only. Bilingual training yields a consistent 6.7-7.1 point margin over controls on a 90-task, three-seed evaluation suite, while Greek-only training gains at most 2.7 points. Several common evaluation instruments, including color-histogram metrics and single-goal benchmarks, produced false conclusions, and results were dominated by seed variation. The authors recommend building guaranteed-null baselines and replicating low-resource-language results across seeds.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 6, 20:00 UTC · 10d agoAI research

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NASA Ground Control Software Flaw Enables Unauthenticated Commands

Critical flaws in NASA's AIT-GUI ground control software let unauthenticated attackers send spacecraft commands and execute scripts.

NASA's AIT-GUI ground control software contains critical flaws that expose spacecraft command and script execution to unauthenticated attackers. Anyone able to reach the ground control interface could send unauthorized commands without valid credentials. The report does not indicate that the flaws have been exploited in the wild.

Infosecurity Magazine·Aug 18, 14:30 UTC · 29d agoVulnerability

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Learning-Guided Planning in Large Dynamic Action Spaces: Budgeted Tree Search for One-to-Many Mobile Charging

LP-BTS uses graph proposal policies, learned critics, and budgeted PUCT search to plan mobile charging across dynamic action spaces up to 2,813 stops.

LP-BTS is a learning-guided planning architecture for one-to-many mobile charging, where N=250 sensors induce roughly 1,125 initial candidate charging stops. A graph proposal policy concentrates candidate support, a learned value critic evaluates leaves, and edge-budgeted PUCT compares simulated futures, letting a single frozen checkpoint cover action universes from 736 to 2,813 stops. On a sealed 30-scenario confirmatory bank it attains the highest observed survival (0.4545) and alive-AUC (0.8031), though its +0.0066 survival edge over the strongest engineered comparator is statistically unresolved.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 15, 16:42 UTC · 1d agoAI research

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The Frontier AEO Tracker: What Astra Chooses (and every other frontier model, and what you can do about it)

Latent Space launches an AEO tracker scoring 7 frontier models' product recommendations across 161 categories, revealing generational bias flips.

Latent Space built a tracker measuring Answer Engine Optimization by running 6 prompt variations across 7 frontier models with search enabled over 161 product categories, scoring first choices, alternatives, mentions, and anti-recommendations. It found 28 categories with a universally dominant primary choice and observed soft biases, such as models favoring their own lab's coding agents. Analysis of Anthropic's Sol→Astra and Opus→Fable generations showed newer models consulting fewer sources and being less likely to change answers when questions are paraphrased.

Latent Space·Sep 7, 21:32 UTC · 9d agoAI research

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An Empirical Security Analysis of Open-Source Software Used in Onboard Satellite Systems

Study of 126 onboard satellite OSS repositories finds 2,827 security findings, 72% medium severity or higher, dominated by memory safety and code quality weaknesses.

Researchers performed an empirical security analysis of 126 public repositories of open-source software used in onboard satellite systems using SBOM generation, software composition analysis, static application security testing, infrastructure-as-code analysis, and secret scanning. After cleaning and deduplication the pipeline produced 2,827 findings, with medium-severity findings accounting for 49% and 72% classified medium or higher. A CWE-based taxonomy mapped all findings to eight weakness families, with Memory Safety and Code Quality dominating, followed by Input Validation and Injection. Project-developed code accounted for 81.4% of findings, though external dependency code remained relevant; findings do not establish mission-specific exploitability.

arXiv cs.CR·Sep 14, 11:54 UTC · 3d agoResearch1

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Stellar Colosseum: A Many-Agent Harness for Long-Horizon Research in Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science

Stellar Colosseum, a many-agent harness for long-horizon math and TCS research, solves open problems and reaches 71% on TCS-Bench with Gemini models.

Stellar Colosseum is a model-agnostic harness that allocates inference across long-horizon research in mathematics and theoretical computer science, using strategy exploration, a readiness gate, section-level decomposition, and verifier feedback routing. Integrated into Google Antigravity's Teamwork framework as the Long Proof pattern, it obtains new results on open problems from FOCS and JMLR papers using Gemini 3.1 Pro. On TCS-Bench it achieves 71.0% accuracy with Gemini 3.1 Pro and Gemini 3.7 Flash, and a Codeforces evaluation with Gemini 3.1 Pro solves 218 of 222 problems.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 14, 17:58 UTC · 2d agoAI research

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The Evolution of the Agent Harness

Latent Space essay argues late-2025 agent gains came from models and harnesses maturing together, with harness logic absorbed into model weights.

The piece defines the agent harness as everything beyond model weights—tools, context, memory, guardrails—and charts its evolution from ReAct prompting (October 2022) through AutoGPT's premature autonomy, Cursor/Copilot's human-in-the-loop retreat, and Devin's roughly 15% success rate, to o1's capability overhang and Claude Code's February 2025 terminal agent with permission rules. It argues the Christmas 2025 jump cited by Transformer co-inventor Lukasz Kaiser reflected model and harness curves crossing, and that remaining harnesses will serve human attention rather than the model.

Latent Space·Aug 22, 07:30 UTC · 26d agoAI tools & infra

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HYDRA: Quantifying Botnet Resource Thresholds for Efficient Link-Flooding Attacks on LEO Satellite Networks

HYDRA models link-flooding attacks on LEO satellite constellations as botnet minimization, matching prior disruption with 34% fewer bots and 23% less traffic.

HYDRA formulates link-flooding attack variants against LEO constellations such as Starlink and Kuiper as botnet minimization problems, quantifying the smallest bot subset and traffic allocation needed to disrupt communications between targeted geographic areas. Under matched stealth constraints it matches the ICARUS attack's disruption using 34% fewer bots and 23% less aggregate traffic, sustaining over 97% attack success as topology evolves. The framework also evaluates five mitigations, including routing diversification, ingress policing, distance-based constraints, source throttling, and botnet attrition.

arXiv cs.CR·Sep 14, 15:00 UTC · 2d agoResearch

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Besxar is building an orbital semiconductor factory, one SpaceX rocket at a time

Besxar, founded by a former OpenAI staffer, raised ~$14M to prototype semiconductor manufacturing in orbit using SpaceX Falcon 9 booster flights.

Besxar, founded by former OpenAI staffer Ashley Pilipiszyn, raised almost $14 million, including a $9 million seed led by Dauntless Ventures and Overture VC, to build orbital semiconductor fabrication. Its first two "fabship" canisters flew on a July Starlink mission and returned wafer samples cleaner than comparable terrestrial wafers. The company plans to iterate over two years with a dozen Falcon 9 booster flights before flying larger fabs on Starship, targeting wafers for power-regulation chips used in data centers, robots, and electric vehicles.

TechCrunch · AI·Sep 9, 12:30 UTC · 8d agoAI industry

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Mercator ↔ Equal Earth

Simon Willison used GPT-6 Astra (medium) in ChatGPT Work to build an animated D3 transition between Mercator and Equal Earth map projections.

Willison built an animated transition between the Mercator and Equal Earth map projections using D3. The tool was generated by GPT-6 Astra (medium) in ChatGPT Work. Equal Earth is a projection recently voted on at the UN. The post is a vibe-coding demonstration rather than a security or major model event.

Simon Willison·Sep 7, 16:24 UTC · 9d agoAI tools & infra1

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MasterControl Seventeen Every Time

Governed enterprise analytics study shows deterministic policy execution matched 110/110 answer-and-evidence contracts while runtime agent planning matched none.

The paper studies a governed approach where a language model interprets the question while deterministic policy selects and runs a pre-approved analytical program returning results and evidence. Across 440 runs, three 8B models generated SQL and selected tools at runtime, while Qwen3-8B only interpreted intent and policy executed the approved program. None of 330 runtime-planning episodes satisfied the full answer-and-evidence contract, whereas the policy-executed analyzer matched 110 of 110. The authors note this is configuration-specific and expressiveness is preserved via relational operations, aggregation, comparison, windows, ranking, and similarity with replayable results.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 1, 20:00 UTC · 15d agoAI research

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One Symptom, Three Levers: A Critical Review of On-Policy Self-Distillation

A review paper frames on-policy self-distillation collapse as governed by three levers: token weighting, privileged information, and guidance decay.

The paper critically reviews On-Policy Self-Distillation (OPSD), where a language model trains on its own generations scored token-by-token by a teacher conditioned on privileged information such as reference solutions or environment feedback. It identifies collapse, the progressive narrowing of producible reasoning paths, as the dominant failure mode and analyzes it through three levers: signal weighting, the nature of privileged information, and teacher dynamics. The review is restricted to mathematical reasoning, reports no new experiments, and offers a shared vocabulary separating settled findings from disputed ones.

Hugging Face daily papers·Aug 25, 20:00 UTC · 22d agoAI research

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Unfold The World: Factorize 4D Properties in Reinforcing Spatial Reasoning

FactoSR factorizes 4D spatial reasoning into XY, Z, and T reinforcement-learning sub-objectives, boosting VLM performance on VSI-Bench by 5.9% and All-Angles-Bench by 4.5%.

Researchers present FactoSR, a factorized reinforcement learning framework that decomposes world-consistent reasoning into planar correspondence, depth consistency, and temporal reversibility sub-objectives. Optimizing these verifiable constraints turns the ill-posed projection recovery problem into tangible reasoning steps. Evaluations show gains of 5.9% on VSI-Bench and 4.5% on All-Angles-Bench for 3D and 4D reasoning, arguing VLMs' spatial bottleneck stems from training on 2D projections versus latent 3D geometry and temporal continuity.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 2, 20:00 UTC · 14d agoAI research

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Searching for New Physics with Reinforcement Learning

Researchers apply reinforcement learning to identify SMEFT operators explaining particle physics anomalies, reproducing and improving known CDF W-mass results.

The paper introduces a reinforcement learning method to search the large Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) operator space for explanations of measurement anomalies. It was validated on the CDF W-mass anomaly, reproducing and improving known results, then applied to a harder multi-anomaly scenario. RL efficiently navigates complex loop-level operator correlations that bias human-driven phenomenological analysis.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 9, 16:07 UTC · 7d agoAI research

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Async GRPO with LoRA across HF Jobs: a bucket, a proxy, and no NCCL

Hugging Face blog describes running async GRPO reinforcement learning with LoRA across HF Jobs using a storage bucket and proxy instead of NCCL.

A Hugging Face blog post titled 'Async GRPO with LoRA across HF Jobs: a bucket, a proxy, and no NCCL' explains an asynchronous Group Relative Policy Optimization training setup using LoRA adapters distributed across Hugging Face Jobs workers. The architecture coordinates training through an object storage bucket and a proxy server, removing the need for NCCL collective communication. No full article text was available at classification time.

Hugging Face Blog·Sep 10, 00:00 UTC · 7d agoAI tools & infra

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MaxKernel: Agentic Kernel Generation for TPUs

Researchers open-source MaxKernel, a multi-agent LLM system that generates and optimizes TPU kernels matching expert hand-tuned baselines on JaxBench.

MaxKernel is a multi-agent system offering three paradigms for TPU kernel development: human-in-the-loop collaborative design, a fully autonomous metric/trace-driven optimization loop, and graph-based autonomous search for global exploration. All paradigms draw on a shared pool of specialized sub-agents for planning, implementation, self-debugging, testing, and hardware profiling. Evaluated on JaxBench's 50 diverse TPU kernel tasks and real-world workloads from open-source models, it consistently matches expert hand-tuned baselines. The system is open-sourced via the AI-Hypercomputer GitHub repository.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 2, 20:00 UTC · 14d agoAI tools & infra1

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MCRL2: Multi-resource Cross-attention-based Representation Learning-augmented Reinforcement Learning for Cloud Microservice Scheduling

MCRL2 augments reinforcement learning with multi-resource cross-attention representations to improve cloud microservice scheduling and load balancing.

MCRL2 combines a multi-resource cross-attention representation learning module (MCRL) with an actor-critic architecture and maximum entropy objective for microservice scheduling. The approach captures interdependencies among nodes, resources, and microservices in data centers. Experiments on real production cluster traces show improvements in load balancing, scheduling success rate, and average completion time versus baselines.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 11, 16:44 UTC · 5d agoAI research1

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The safety penalty: Reclaiming operational sovereignty in the age of AI

Cisco Talos argues restrictive frontier AI models impose a 'safety penalty' on security teams, urging operational sovereignty for defensive AI in incident response.

Cisco Talos published commentary arguing that increasingly restrictive frontier AI models create a 'safety penalty' that slows real-time incident response. It recommends organizations pursue operational sovereignty so defensive AI can keep pace with unconstrained adversaries.

Cisco Talos·Aug 25, 10:00 UTC · 23d agoIndustry

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ActionSplice: In-Flight Action Editing for Interactive World Models

ActionSplice enables in-flight action editing in chunk-autoregressive video world models via a lightweight corrector, avoiding rollback or waiting for the next chunk.

ActionSplice is an inference framework that formulates in-flight action editing for chunk-autoregressive video world models as Counterfactual State Transport (CST), where a lightweight corrector transports the interrupted backbone-native representation toward the matched state induced by the revised action. The world model and sampler remain frozen, and sampling resumes without replaying completed evaluations. Across minWM-Wan Action2V and HY-WM1.5, the retargeting variant CST-R reduces rollback-relative LPIPS by 61.5% and 75.9% versus direct condition swapping, while the temporal-splicing variant CST-T reduces suffix LPIPS by 56.1% and 77.5% with 2.73x and 1.69x pixel-ready speedups over waiting.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 7, 20:00 UTC · 9d agoAI research

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DRG-MAPPO: Hierarchical Dynamic Role-Graph Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative Air Combat

DRG-MAPPO combines graph-based relational modeling with dynamic role assignment in multi-agent RL, reaching an 87% win rate in cooperative air combat.

The hierarchical framework uses graph attention to extract relational features among allies, enemies, and threats, with a high-level policy assigning tactical roles like leader and supporter. A low-level policy executes discrete maneuver actions conditioned on roles and graph features, plus a target-priority auxiliary task encouraging focus-fire behavior. Experiments report a state-of-the-art 87% win rate, balancing relational modeling, interpretability, and optimization stability.

Hugging Face daily papers·Sep 9, 20:00 UTC · 7d agoAI research

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Saving Jet Fuel

Tutorial optimizes flight paths to cut jet fuel costs using open-source Scikit-decide planning framework and OpenAP aircraft performance models.

A technical walkthrough demonstrates wind-aware flight path optimization using Scikit-decide, an open-source framework for reinforcement learning and automated planning, paired with OpenAP fuel-consumption models built by Dr. Junzi Sun at TU Delft and NOAA wind data. A Boeing 787-9 flying EWR to FCO can require roughly $68K in fuel, and adjusted routing could save thousands. The post uses Python 3.12, DuckDB with spatial extensions, and QGIS for map rendering.

Hacker News · AI·Sep 15, 23:17 UTC · 1d agoAI tools & infraHN 45↑ · 19 comments

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Security Data Isn’t the Problem. Security Context Is.

Horizon3 blog argues security context, not data volume, is the SOC bottleneck, promoting its NodeZero integration with CrowdStrike Falcon Next-Gen SIEM.

Horizon3.ai published a vendor blog explaining how its NodeZero Proactive Security Platform integration with CrowdStrike Falcon Next-Gen SIEM brings validated exposure findings into existing security operations workflows. The post argues SOCs are now limited by confidence rather than visibility, needing context to decide which issues matter. It cites a global chemical manufacturer that validated exploitable exposures with NodeZero before completing a $2 billion merger.

Horizon3.ai·Sep 15, 13:12 UTC · 1d agoTools

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Exponential Hardness of Off-Policy Evaluation under History-Dependent Logging

Researchers prove off-policy evaluation under history-dependent logging requires exponentially many episodes, resolving a hardness question for model-based POMDP evaluation.

The paper constructs POMDPs with at most two latent states per stage, three actions, and a three-memory-state logger where evaluating a known deterministic target policy to accuracy 1/8 requires Θ((3/2)^H log(1/δ)) episodes for any horizon H≥3. Coverage and outcome-revealing conditions hold with constants independent of H, yet a reset erases the unknown transition that determines the target value. The authors characterize the resulting statistical experiment exactly, derive a matching optimal estimator, and validate predictions on a two-lane gridworld. This settles the history-dependent-logging, model-based case posed by Zhang and Jiang (arXiv:2503.01134).

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL·Sep 16, 17:56 UTC · 18h agoAI research

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Our decision on Cursor following its acquisition by SpaceX

OpenAI is winding down its contract supplying models to Cursor after Cursor's acquisition by SpaceX.

OpenAI announced it will wind down the contract that provides OpenAI models to the Cursor coding tool. The decision follows Cursor's acquisition by SpaceX. Developers relying on OpenAI models inside Cursor will need alternatives as the contract ends.

OpenAI News·Aug 28, 06:00 UTC · 20d agoAI industry

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Context Engineering Inside the Harness: 4 Mechanisms That Beat Context Overflow and Goal Loss on Long-Horizon Tasks

Survey of four harness mechanisms—context budgeting, compaction, todo-state, and memory—that keep long-horizon LLM agents on task across 200+ tool calls.

The article details how agent harnesses, not larger context windows, solve context overflow and goal loss on long-horizon tasks, citing Chroma's Context Rot report showing 18 LLMs (GPT-4.1, Claude 4, Gemini 2.5, Qwen3) degrade on long inputs. Concrete implementations include LangChain Deep Agents offloading tool responses over 20,000 tokens to the filesystem and truncating old tool calls at 85% window usage, and Claude Code capping auto memory at 25KB while re-reading the 5 most recently modified files after compaction. OpenAI's Responses API now offers server-side compaction via context_management with a standalone /responses/compact endpoint, which Codex uses for long-running coding tasks. Manus reports a roughly 100:1 input-to-output token ratio per ~50-tool-call task, motivating todo.md state recitation to prevent goal drift.

MarkTechPost·Sep 13, 05:56 UTC · 4d agoAI research2

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