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When an Attacker Meets a Group of Agents: Navigating Amazon Bedrock's Multi
Unit 42 red-teamed Amazon Bedrock multi-agent applications, demonstrating prompt-injection attack chains that leak agent instructions and invoke tools, mitigated by Bedrock Guardrails.
Unit 42 red-teamed Amazon Bedrock Agents' multi-agent collaboration in Supervisor and Supervisor with Routing modes. The demonstrated attack chain detects the operating mode, discovers collaborator agents, delivers attacker-controlled payloads, and can disclose agent instructions and tool schemas and invoke tools with attacker-supplied inputs. No vulnerabilities were found in Bedrock itself, and the built-in prompt attack Guardrail blocked the attacks when properly configured. The researchers collaborated with Amazon's security team and frame the findings as a broader prompt injection risk for LLM-based systems.
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The Router Within: Eliciting Native Skill Routing from a Frozen LLM
Gavel reads skill-routing signals from a frozen LLM's forward passes with two linear maps, beating retrieval pipelines by up to 21.9 points.
Gavel (Glance And Verdict) shows a frozen agent LLM already contains skill-routing signals in its forward passes, read out via two trained linear maps without loading skill text into context. A glance step scores the full library using mid-layer states and per-skill banks built in one forward pass; a verdict step fuses the model's own likelihood and yes/no judgment as a product of experts. Trained once, it transfers zero-shot to three public benchmarks and SkillTraj (372 simulated agent trajectories); on Qwen3-32B it beats progressive disclosure and retrieve-and-rerank pipelines adding 1.2B-16B external parameters by up to 13.4 points (21.9 mid-rollout).
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HoneyRoute: Honeypot-Model Routing for Adversarial LLM Serving
HoneyRoute detects malicious LLM serving requests and diverts them to a honeypot model, reaching F1 0.911 with 38 ms median added latency.
HoneyRoute is an inference-serving layer pairing a streaming router (a frozen 0.8B embedding backbone with per-domain MLP heads) with a dual-implementation honeypot and an analysis loop that converts trapped interactions into attacker fingerprints for router retraining. On a production trace plus a seven-domain attack corpus it matches 96% of a two-tier guard-LLM cascade's F1 at 1/385th of its latency with 0% evasion under 13 adversarial transformations. Diverting malicious traffic cuts production token consumption under GCG-suffix flooding by 97.8%, and loop training raises detection F1 to 0.933.
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Risks in IoT Supply Chain
Unit 42 analyzes multilayer IoT supply chain risks across hardware, firmware, and software, citing counterfeit Cisco switches and OpenWrt attacks.
Unit 42 examines weaknesses in the IoT supply chain ecosystem across hardware, firmware, operation, and vulnerability layers, noting that 89% of IT decision-makers reported IoT device growth and IDC forecast 41.6 billion connected IoT devices by 2025. Examples include counterfeit Cisco Catalyst 2960-X switches with possible backdoor access (F-Secure, July 2020), a March 2020 OpenWrt flaw enabling malicious update impersonation, and threat actor interest in TeamViewer remote support software. The report stresses that untracked third-party components and missing device inventories make it hard to assess vulnerability impact across vendors.
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[AINews] DeepSeek v4.1-Flash: 763B-P8B-D16B novel causal Encoder–Decoder architecture with vision marks the Return of the Whale
DeepSeek released V4.1-Flash, an open-weight 763B-parameter model with a novel causal encoder-decoder architecture, 1M context, vision input, and MIT license.
DeepSeek launched V4.1-Flash, an open-weight MIT-licensed model using a novel causal encoder-decoder architecture with 763B total parameters and asymmetric active parameters: 8B for prefill and 16B for decode. It supports 1M-token context and text+image input, priced at $0.30 per 1M input and $1.20 per 1M output tokens with a 50% off-peak discount. Artificial Analysis scored it 40 on its Intelligence Index, above DeepSeek V4 Pro 0813, and Vals ranked it the #1 open-weight model ahead of Kimi K3. Baseten shipped day-0 support and Ollama began rolling it out to paid subscribers.
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GPT-6 Astra, Looped Transformers, and Hidden Reasoning
OpenAI released GPT-6 Astra, its strongest model to date, with standout 3D rendering and computer-use performance and 99.9% on ARC-AGI-3.
Sebastian Raschka reviews OpenAI's GPT-6 Astra, calling it the best model he has used, with disproportionate gains in 3D rendering, animation, and computer use through the Codex/ChatGPT harness. The model scores 99.9% on ARC-AGI-3 versus 7.8% for GPT-5.6 Sol and leads the Artificial Analysis Coding Agent Index, though gains on independent aggregate indices are more incremental. The article also explains looped transformer/recurrent depth architecture rumors, speculation that Astra hides its chain-of-thought reasoning, and recent research insights on the topic.
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Signed Rescue Routing: Harm-Aware Cascades for Efficient LLM Inference
Signed Rescue Routing improves LLM cascade efficiency by predicting when a larger model actually corrects a smaller one rather than uncertainty.
Signed Rescue Routing (SRR) is a budgeted cascade method that separately predicts rescues and regressions when escalating from a small to a large model, ranking requests by their signed difference. The authors prove this signed conditional gain is Bayes-optimal under a fixed escalation budget and add only a lightweight two-head router needing small-model output statistics at deployment. Evaluation with Qwen3-4B and Qwen3-8B on MMLU, HellaSwag, and ARC-Challenge shows better accuracy-compute tradeoffs than entropy routing and learned error predictors.
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Sparks Fly: NVIDIA Accelerates Local AI at IFA 2026
NVIDIA announces local AI push at IFA 2026 with faster llama.cpp/vLLM inference, PAIR routing tool, and October RTX Spark PCs.
At IFA 2026, NVIDIA announced simplified local AI support for agents in Hermes Agent, OpenClaw, and Perplexity Portable Computer, plus new llama.cpp and vLLM optimizations delivering up to 1.9x faster local inference. NVIDIA also unveiled PAIR, a Personal AI Router for distributing inference across a local network's PCs, and compact RTX Spark Windows PCs from Lenovo and Acer arriving in October. The post recaps recent local-capable model releases including Nemotron 3.5 Lightning (30B), Qwen3.8-Flash-Next and Qwen3.8-27B, DeepSeek v4 Flash (284B MoE, 13B active), Meta Muse Glimmer (30B), Z.ai GLM-5.3-Flash, LTX 2.5, and MiniMax-H3 with the FastH3 distilled variant.
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8,539 Reasons To Rethink How Vulnerabilities Get Patched
Rapid7 counted 8,539 high and critical CVEs in Q2 2026, double last year, with PoC availability up 76%.
Rapid7's Q2 2026 Threat Landscape Report tallied 8,539 high- and critical-severity vulnerability disclosures, twice the number recorded in Q2 2025, with newly disclosed flaws having public proof-of-concept code up 76% year over year. Of newly exploited vulnerabilities, 62% were network-exploitable and required neither authentication nor user interaction. Fake CAPTCHA and ClickFix social engineering accounted for 31.8% of incident response cases, the United States recorded 881 listed ransomware victims, and APT28 exploited SOHO routers for DNS hijacking while Iranian groups targeted US industrial control and OT systems.
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MacOS 27 - First Boot, (Tue, Sep 15th)
SANS ISC documents the expected network traffic macOS 27 'Golden Gate' generates on first boot to help defenders baseline their networks.
Johannes Ullrich of SANS Internet Storm Center captured roughly 300 packets from a macOS 27 'Golden Gate' system before user login, covering DHCP, IPv6 duplicate address discovery, DNS, and TCP behavior. macOS 27 resolves hostnames like albert.apple.com (device activation, certificate-pinned), push messaging hosts, and ipv4only.arpa for NAT64 networks. The OS still uses a TCP window scale of 6, ECN, and random timestamps, with only four TCP connections observed during boot. The analysis provides a reference baseline for security teams monitoring Apple endpoints.
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Weekly Cybersecurity Newsletter – Top 50 Biggest Cybersecurity Stories of the Week
GBHackers weekly digest rounds up 50 stories including Microsoft's 973-CVE patch drop, exploited Cisco FMC flaws, and Claude agent attacks.
GBHackers' September 7-12, 2026 newsletter summarizes the 50 biggest cybersecurity stories of the week. Highlights include Microsoft patching a record 973 CVEs with two exploited zero-days, active exploitation of Cisco FMC, Check Point VPN and Ivanti flaws, China-linked crews chaining Chrome and Windows zero-days, AI agents mass-exploiting PaperCut to compromise 440 servers, and the emergence of Panzer cross-platform ransomware. It also covers Anthropic and OpenAI agentic AI incidents and CrowdStrike's SafeMind launch.
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GPT-5.6 Luna vs. GPT-6 Astra: Is a $1.20 Model Good Enough for Code Review?
Entelligence benchmarks GPT-5.6 Luna ($1.20/M output) against GPT-6 Astra for code review: Luna found 69 verified bugs at 3.6% of Astra's cost.
Entelligence compared GPT-5.6 Luna ($0.20/$1.20 per million tokens) against GPT-6 Astra ($10/$50) on 50 benchmark pull requests from Cal.com, Sentry, Discourse, Keycloak, and Grafana. Astra verified 92 bugs versus Luna's 69, with precision of 96% versus 74%, and Astra caught 19 of 24 security bugs while Luna found only 9. Luna cost $0.20 total versus Astra's $5.66 and reviewed faster at 23 seconds versus 36, with the widest quality gap on Keycloak authentication and permission logic (6 vs 14 verified bugs). Running both models would find 82% of the 143 verified bugs for $5.86 total.
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Security Affairs newsletter Round 594 by Pierluigi Paganini – INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Weekly Security Affairs newsletter aggregates top stories including Cisco FMC exploitation, Qilin ransomware, Chrome zero-days, and Berlin leak.
Pierluigi Paganini's Security Affairs newsletter Round 594 (International Edition) rounds up the week's security headlines. Topics include attackers exploiting a critical Cisco FMC flaw to deploy Qilin ransomware, SonicWall mass exploitation linked to a UK council attack, multiple CISA KEV additions, Chrome zero-days used by four nation-state actors, a $320 million Liquid Network theft, and a Berlin ransomware data leak. It also covers AI security items such as agent sandbox failures and distillation campaigns by Chinese AI firms.
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Top 5 AI Gateways for Enterprise (2026 Guide)
A 2026 buyer's guide ranks NeuralTrust TrustGate, Kong AI Gateway, and Cloudflare AI Gateway as top enterprise AI gateways for security and governance.
The guide evaluates enterprise AI gateways on security, governance, routing, observability, and agent ecosystem support. NeuralTrust TrustGate ranks first for identity-aware agent governance across models, MCP servers, tools, and agent-to-agent traffic, with SaaS, hybrid, and private deployment options. Kong AI Gateway is recommended for organizations with mature API infrastructure, while Cloudflare AI Gateway emphasizes caching, retries, model fallbacks, and prompt/response guardrails.
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How AI and cybersecurity are reshaping ServiceNow
Analysis argues ServiceNow's $7.75B Armis acquisition and AI-driven consumption pricing are reshaping its ITSM platform amid SaaS market anxiety.
CSO Online examines how AI agents, vibe-coding fears, and a reported 30% share price drop are pressuring ITSM leader ServiceNow, and how the company is pivoting toward consumption-based revenue and cybersecurity. The piece highlights ServiceNow's $7.75 billion cash acquisition of Armis, priced at roughly 23 times the vendor's $340 million annual revenue, as a strategic move to supercharge ITSM workflows with accurate device inventory and orchestration rather than to sell a standalone security product. Experts note this ends Armis's vendor-neutral position, introduces the CISO as a new buyer, and will likely lead to aggressive Armis bundling at contract renewals.
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Cohere Releases North Small Translate: A 218B MoE Translation Model That Scores 83.6 on WMT26 Across 50 Languages
Cohere released North Small Translate, an open-weight 218B MoE (25B active) translation model scoring 83.6 on WMT26 across 50 languages.
Cohere and Cohere Labs released North Small Translate, a decoder-only sparse Mixture-of-Experts translation model with 218B total and 25B active parameters, 128 experts with 8 activated per token plus shared experts, and 16K-token input and output context. In Cohere's vendor-reported WMT26 evaluation, judged by GPT-5.6-Sol, it scores 83.6 averaged across 50 languages (84.36 in an agentic multi-pass mode), ahead of DeepL NextGen (81.37), Qwen 3.5 397B A17B (81.56), GLM 5.2 (76.50), and Google Translate (68.20). The model was built with RWS's Language Weaver team, post-trained specifically for translation, and reports 112 output tokens per second versus 81 for Gemma 4 31B, with long-document xCOMET-XL scores of 48.9 versus 21.3 for Google Translate. It is available free on Cohere's Chat V2 API until rate limits, with three self-hosting checkpoints including a 4-bit NVFP4 variant running on 1x B200 or 2x H100.
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Expert-Space Exploration in MoE Reinforcement Learning
ESRL explores MoE expert-routing space during RL post-training, improving Qwen3-30B-A3B Pass@1 by 3.2 points over GRPO without extra compute.
The paper shows perturbing expert routing increases rollout diversity similarly to higher decoding temperature, but naive perturbation degrades quality. ESRL anchors high-confidence experts, restricts stochastic routing to a plausible candidate pool, adapts perturbation strength via router entropy, and replays recorded expert paths during policy optimization. It achieves the best results across top-K, top-1, and shared-expert MoE backbones on math, science, and code tasks; on Qwen3-30B-A3B it improves average Pass@1 and Pass@8 over GRPO by 3.2 and 4.5 percentage points.
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ThreatsDay: 200 Android Flaws, Browser-Built Phishing, 119K Scam Shops + 23 More Stories
Hacker News ThreatsDay digest: malicious browser extensions, AI-agent intrusions, NCSC shadow AI warning, M&A wire fraud, and 119,000-domain fake shops.
Socket found four malicious Chrome and Firefox extensions (J7Tracker, VREO, Orbit Tracker) stealing session tokens and wallet data from Axiom Trade and Padre users via attacker-controlled Vercel deployments. Hunt.io reported a Chinese-speaking operator using Claude Code, Alibaba Qwen, and DeepSeek with the SecFlow orchestration framework to automate intrusions against government and financial targets in Afghanistan, Thailand, Taiwan, and the US. The UK NCSC warned shadow AI use risks breaches and regulatory failure, Microsoft announced privacy-preserving Windows Age APIs, and Gen Digital described fake M&A wire-fraud scams. A 119,000-domain fake-shop operation called DoppelCart was also highlighted.
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World in World: Explore the World with World Models
World in World is a training-free inference-time interface enabling camera-controlled rerendering, long-horizon revisiting, and motion transfer with frozen causal video world models.
The framework converts heterogeneous control evidence into camera- and time-labelled clean visual states that are read through the native self-attention of a frozen causal video model. Evidence includes source-video observations, target-view scene projections, geometry renderings for completing newly exposed regions, and retrieved generated states beyond the rolling cache. A correspondence router combines persistent point identities with geometry for token correspondences, while evidence-wise attention CFG independently regulates each auxiliary channel. The shared interface supports camera-controlled rerendering, long-horizon revisiting, and human-motion transfer without additional training.
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PACE: Perceived-Latency-Aware Cascading Service Routing and Filler Control for QoE-Efficient Retrieval-Augmented Dialogue Serving
PACE cuts perceived latency in retrieval-augmented dialogue serving via cascading routing and filler control, reaching 0.41s P95 under load.
PACE is a serving framework for retrieval-augmented dialogue that optimizes Perceived Time-to-First-Response (PTFR) under quality and cost constraints. It combines a load-adaptive cascading router, a joint path-filler controller, and volatility-aware cache admission, deployed on a humanoid-robot sales service. On 75k CarQA requests, the cascade halved pure-LLM P95 PTFR (0.29s vs 0.53s) and the adaptive controller reached 0.41s P95, 2.4x better than RAG at high load; filler calls dropped 94% and stale answers fell from 86% to 0%.
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FBI puts its cyber strategy on paper
FBI publishes its first public cybersecurity strategy, a 17-page document with four pillars prioritizing disruption of cybercrime and nation-state hackers.
The FBI released its first-ever public cybersecurity strategy, a 17-page unclassified document outlining four pillars: imposing costs on adversaries, victim support, industry collaboration, and strengthening the bureau's digital capabilities. Cyber Division assistant director Brett Leatherman said the plan builds on the Trump administration's cybersecurity strategy, a recent executive order on countering digital criminals, and a memo enabling private-industry participation in disruptive operations, and promises a faster tempo of sequenced operations after 50 such actions since the start of 2025, including the Lumma malware takedown with Microsoft. No implementation plan or timeline exists yet; threat teams targeting China, Russia, and criminal gangs will develop classified sub-strategies.
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US offering $10 million for info on Iranian hackers behind IOControl malware
US offers up to $10 million for information on CyberAv3ngers' 'Mr. Soul,' whose IOControl malware targets US and worldwide ICS/SCADA devices.
The State Department announced a reward of up to $10 million for information on an online persona known as Mr. Soul (or Mr. Soll) tied to CyberAv3ngers, which conducts malicious cyber activity for Iran's IRGC Cyber-Electronic Command. CyberAv3ngers used the IOControl malware against ICS/SCADA devices in the US, Israel and worldwide, targeting products from Unitronics, D-Link, Hikvision and Baicells, according to Claroty and Armis analyses. The malware allows remote control of infected devices and lateral movement within victim networks. The reward follows an August action offering rewards for and sanctioning six Iranian government hackers and comes amid the widening Israel-Iran military conflict.
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Opaque recurrence, and other AI terms that you should probably know
TechCrunch updates its plain-English glossary defining common AI terms from AGI and agents to chain-of-thought reasoning.
TechCrunch maintains a regularly updated glossary of AI terminology, defining terms such as AGI, AI agents, API endpoints, chain of thought, coding agents, compute, deep learning, and diffusion. It highlights 'opaque recurrence', the reasoning technique in OpenAI's new Astra model that has drawn attention from AI safety researchers. The piece is an educational living document rather than new research or a product announcement.
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Latent-MoE: Domain-Aware Mixture-of-Experts for PDEs with Multi-Regime Physics
Latent-MoE adds domain-aware mixture-of-experts routing to PINNs, improving accuracy over an order of magnitude on multi-regime physics PDEs.
The paper shows standard coordinate networks used in physics-informed neural networks have translation-variant NTKs causing long-range gradient conflicts on PDEs with spatially varying physics. MoE architectures with centered compact-support routers produce a uniformly banded NTK that localizes learning. Latent-MoE interleaves domain-aware MoE blocks in a shared backbone, outperforming FB-PINNs and X-PINNs by over an order of magnitude on multi-stage time-variable physics benchmarks.
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Beyond Top-k Skill Retrieval: Diversity-Aware Skill Routing for LLM Agents
DSR reranks LLM agent skills with Determinantal Point Processes to favor complementary, non-redundant sets, improving multi-skill query coverage.
The paper proposes Diverse Skill Routing (DSR), a diversity-aware reranking framework for LLM agent skill routing that uses a Determinantal Point Process to balance query relevance and non-redundancy across large skill registries. DSR introduces a query-residual diversity kernel that penalizes redundant skill overlap while avoiding penalties arising only from shared query relevance. On the SkillRouter benchmark, DSR improves recall and full coverage over a strong pointwise reranking baseline, with the largest gains on multi-skill queries. The authors argue skill routing should be treated as complementary set selection, not just relevance ranking.
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[AINews] Muse Spark 1.3 matches GPT-5.6-Sol, confirming Meta Superintelligence as the newest Frontier Lab, >90% discount for training
Meta's Muse Spark 1.3 reportedly ranks as the world's #3 model, matching frontier models from OpenAI and Anthropic with planned open weights.
The Latent Space AI News roundup leads with Muse Spark 1.3, promised in Zuckerberg's letter, which ranks #3 worldwide per AAII, is slated for open weights, and uses a pricing model over 90% cheaper when users opt in to training. The issue also covers the rumored Gemini 3.8 Flash launch and analysis arguing OpenAI's rumored looped-transformer 'Astra' architecture is a modest tweak rather than a breakthrough. Additional coverage includes ByteDance Seed's HarnessDev harness-evaluation benchmark, a retrieval-invoked actual-use evaluation method, Stanford's revamped agent engineering curricula, and Photon 2.1 adding TTS models and NVIDIA B200 support.
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FCC proposes public scorecard to rate telecoms on anti-robocall efforts
The FCC proposed a public scorecard rating telecoms' anti-robocall effectiveness and removed 14 providers from US networks for compliance failures.
The Federal Communications Commission issued a public notice proposing a scorecard that would assess how effectively retail voice providers, including wireless, wireline and VoIP, prevent illegal robocalls, drawing on Robocall Mitigation Database filings, consumer complaint and enforcement data. The agency stressed it is not a rulemaking imposing new requirements, and it is seeking comment on scope, such as whether to focus on larger providers. The same day, the FCC removed 14 providers from the Robocall Mitigation Database for non-compliance, effectively requiring other US providers to block their traffic within two days.
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[AINews] OpenAI shuts off Cursor
OpenAI cut off API access to coding tool Cursor after its SpaceX acquisition, citing contract violations by Elon Musk's companies.
OpenAI disabled Cursor's access following the closing of Cursor's acquisition by SpaceX, citing its experience with Elon Musk's companies violating contracts; Cursor responded that OpenAI accounts for only 5% of its traffic. The weekly digest also covers major open-weight releases: Z.ai's GLM-5.3 (744B total/40B active, 1M context) and Tencent's Hy4-preview (770B/49B, ~#5 on Code Arena WebDev), plus Alibaba's Qwen3.8-Flash (125B/6B). vLLM published benchmarks showing no universal winner among speculative decoding methods across model families.
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Cybersecurity jobs available right now: March 10, 2026
Help Net Security's roundup lists open cybersecurity roles at BioNTech, AIG, ServiceNow and others across Europe, the Middle East and Canada.
A job-board roundup of cybersecurity openings including Associate Director Application Security at BioNTech (Germany), CISO at AIG (Israel), Cloud Security Professional at ServiceNow (Italy), and SOC/GRC, analyst, engineer and data governance roles in the UK, UAE, India, Canada and France. Roles span application security, cloud security, SOC operations, compliance and OT environments. Most listings are marked no longer accepting applications.
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Cyber threats nudge Trump to sign executive order on foreign equipment in U.S. energy infrastructure
Trump signed an executive order declaring an emergency to bar foreign bulk-power equipment deemed a national security cyber risk.
The executive order, 'Declaring a National Energy Emergency to Secure the United States Bulk-Power System,' prohibits acquiring, importing, transferring, or installing foreign-produced bulk-power equipment and software deemed risky, citing fears of digital backdoors in Chinese-made grid gear. China supplies roughly 85% of solar supply chain capacity and is a major transformer manufacturer. The Energy Department has 120 days to develop implementing rules; the order revives a 2020 Trump-era measure the Biden administration had suspended after utilities found compliance difficult.
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[AINews] 10% worse, 100x cheaper, 10000x faster: Why Simulation is taking over
Latent Space argues AI training pipeline stages—rewards, data, teachers, curricula, environments—are flipping from human-made to model-made simulation.
Latent Space's AINews essay traces how each component of AI training has turned synthetic since 2022: reward models (InstructGPT, RLAIF), synthetic pretraining data (Microsoft Phi, NVIDIA Nemotron-4 340B), model teachers (Alpaca, DeepSeek-R1 distillation), and self-generated curricula (Self-Rewarding Language Models, SPIN). In 2026 it highlights Karpathy's autoresearch loop—700 experiments yielding 20 kept improvements, cutting GPT-2 training time from 2.02 to 1.80 hours—and Z.ai's GLM-5.3 fully synthetic RL environment, judging, and verification stack. It frames these shifts as 'simulation': 10% worse but 100x cheaper and 10,000x faster than human equivalents.
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[AINews] Poolside gets $12B reverse-execuhire to NVIDIA; founders stay for $1B, employees go for $6B, Infraco scaling to 7GW neocloud
NVIDIA struck a $12B deal with AI coding startup Poolside, licensing its Model Factory and hiring 109 of its technical employees.
NVIDIA spent roughly $12B in an unusual reverse-execuhire of Poolside, licensing the company's Model Factory while hiring 109 of its ~115 technical staff; founders retain a $1B stake and employees receive about $6B. Poolside had raced to raise $2B to fund a 40,000 GB300 cluster after missing a six-week funding window, and founders argue frontier-scale training now requires an order of magnitude more compute plus contracted data center space. An infrastructure arm spun out in January 2026 is scaling toward 7GW as a neocloud. The newsletter also recaps OpenAI and Anthropic agent-platform releases.
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Srsly Risky Biz: Trump's Private Hacker Memo Is the Right Idea
A Trump presidential memo directs DHS to authorize vetted private-sector hackers to conduct cyber operations against foreign cybercriminal groups (CE-TCOs).
A presidential memorandum directs the Department of Homeland Security to establish a program authorizing private companies to conduct cyber surveillance and cyber effects operations against Cyber-Enabled Transnational Crime Organisations (CE-TCOs). Participating companies must pass vetting, obtain government approval before operations, and post a USD $1 million bond. The accompanying fact sheet cites more than USD $20.8 billion in US losses to cyber-enabled crime in 2025. Critics worry about accidental escalation if operations touch foreign government systems.
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