EnemyBot malware adds new exploits to target CMS servers and Android devices

The D-Link DIR-645 wired/wireless router is vulnerable to OS command injection (CWE-77) in its HNAP interface: input supplied to the GetDeviceSettings action is not properly neutralized, so a remote attacker who sends a crafted HTTP request to the router's HNAP endpoint can have arbitrary operating-system commands executed on the device. Successful exploitation gives the attacker control of the router at the system level, enabling reconfiguration or abuse of the device, traffic interception or redirection, and recruitment into IoT botnets, as reflected in recent Moobot/MooBot botnet campaigns. Any site or household still running a DIR-645, especially one whose web/HNAP management interface is reachable from the internet, is affected; the product is end-of-life. The flaw is under active exploitation: it was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2022-02-10, and EPSS assigns a 97.1% probability of exploitation within 30 days (100th percentile). CISA's required action reflects the risk: disconnect the impacted product if it is still in use because it has reached end-of-life.

Do: Because the DIR-645 is end-of-life, CISA's required action is to disconnect it; replace the device where possible, or at minimum apply the latest available D-Link firmware for the DIR-645 and ensure the management/HNAP interface is not reachable from the internet (block or restrict remote administration on the WAN side). Check the device for signs of botnet infection, such as unexpected outbound traffic or unexpected HNAP POST/SOAP requests, and prioritize this fix given the 97.1% EPSS score and known in-the-wild exploitation.

Multiple NETGEAR router models allow unauthenticated web pages to pass form input directly to the device's command-line interface, which permits remote code execution (CVE-2016-6277). An attacker triggers the flaw by sending a crafted HTTP request to the router's web interface without logging in, causing attacker-supplied input to be interpreted as commands on the router. Successful exploitation grants the ability to run arbitrary commands on the device, typically with root privileges, enabling full takeover of the router and use as a pivot point into the network behind it. Any NETGEAR router among the affected models running firmware without the vendor patch is vulnerable, with internet-facing management interfaces at greatest risk. The flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerability catalog on 2022-03-07, indicating exploitation in the wild, and it carries a very high 99.8% EPSS probability of exploitation within 30 days.

Do: Update affected NETGEAR routers to the latest available firmware for the specific model, per the vendor's upgrade instructions, as required by CISA's KEV listing. As interim mitigation, disable WAN-side/remote management and restrict the router's admin interface to the local network, then review devices for signs of compromise such as unexpected configuration changes or added accounts.

CVE-2017-18368 is a critical (CVSS 9.8) unauthenticated OS command injection (CWE-78) in the Remote System Log forwarding function of Zyxel P660HN-T1A (v1 and v2) and Billion 5200W-T routers distributed by Thailand ISP TrueOnline. An unauthenticated attacker who can reach the router's web management interface sends a crafted remote_host parameter to the ViewLog.asp page, with no credentials or user interaction required. Successful injection executes arbitrary operating-system commands on the device, giving the attacker full control of the router (e.g., botnet recruitment, traffic/DNS manipulation, or pivoting into the subscriber's LAN). Only TrueOnline-issued units of these models are affected, meaning Thai broadband subscribers deployed with this CPE. The flaw is in CISA's KEV catalog (added 2023-08-07), carries a 94.4% EPSS (100th percentile), and related reporting shows IoT botnets (e.g., Gafgyt campaigns against End-of-Life Zyxel routers and multi-exploit campaigns like RondoDox) actively targeting such devices.

Do: Update affected routers to the latest firmware available from Zyxel/Billion or via TrueOnline's ISP update process, noting these models are End-of-Life so hardware replacement is the durable fix. Until patched, restrict or disable WAN-side access to the router's web management interface (the flaw is reachable unauthenticated via ViewLog.asp) and audit devices for signs of botnet compromise. Per the CISA KEV required action, apply vendor mitigations or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

An issue was discovered on D-Link DWR-116 through 1.06, DWR-512 through 2.02, DWR-712 through 2.02, DWR-912 through 2.02, DWR-921 through 2.02, and DWR-111 through 1.01 devices. An authenticated attacker may execute arbitrary code by injecting the shell command into the chkisg.htm page Sip parameter. This allows for full control over the device internals.

FUEL CMS 1.4.1 allows PHP Code Evaluation via the pages/select/ filter parameter or the preview/ data parameter. This can lead to Pre-Auth Remote Code Execution.

NoneCms V1.3, an open-source Chinese CMS built on the ThinkPHP 5.0.x framework, is vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution through the framework's URL dispatcher in thinkphp/library/think/App.php. Because the framework's 's' routing parameter can invoke arbitrary framework classes and methods, an attacker can pass a crafted 'filter' value (e.g., s=index/\think\Request/input&filter=phpinfo&data=1) that is applied to the 'data' argument as a callable, executing attacker-chosen PHP functions or code. Successful exploitation gives full code execution on the web server under the application's privileges, enabling web shells, botnet implants, and ransomware staging without any credentials or user interaction. Any internet-facing deployment of noneCms V1.3 — and, more broadly, applications running the affected ThinkPHP 5.0.x framework (the public PoC references 5.0.23) — is exposed. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw is on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2021-11-03), EPSS assigns a 99.5% probability of exploitation within 30 days, and headlines note botnets such as Enemybot and Chinese threat actors chaining ThinkPHP RCEs against CMS servers.

Do: Apply updates per vendor instructions: upgrade noneCms to the latest release and update the bundled ThinkPHP 5.0.x framework to a patched build. Inspect web server and WAF logs for requests using the s=index/\think\Request/input&filter=... pattern and other ThinkPHP route-invocation payloads, and hunt for web shells or post-exploitation artifacts. Until patched, block or strictly validate the 's' and 'filter' query parameters at a WAF/reverse proxy and limit internet exposure of the application.

SEOWON INTECH SLC-130 And SLR-120S devices allow Remote Code Execution via the ipAddr parameter to the system_log.cgi page.

CVE-2020-5902 is a critical, unauthenticated remote code execution flaw in the F5 BIG-IP Traffic Management User Interface (TMUI), the appliance's web management console, rooted in a directory/path traversal issue (CWE-22) in undisclosed TMUI pages. It is triggered by sending crafted HTTP(S) requests to the management interface — classically path-traversal URLs beneath the TMUI application on the management port — which lets an attacker bypass authentication, read or delete arbitrary files, and execute commands without credentials. Successful exploitation yields full control of the BIG-IP system, which attackers can use to pivot into networks the appliance fronts, maintain persistence, and deploy ransomware. Any organization running an affected F5 BIG-IP appliance or virtual edition whose TMUI is reachable, or whose management network can be reached, is exposed; F5's installed base spans large enterprises and service providers, so the footprint is broad. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw was mass-scanned and exploited within days of its July 2020 disclosure, it is listed in CISA KEV with known ransomware use, and EPSS assigns a ~100% probability of exploitation within 30 days.

Do: Patch immediately using F5's advisory K52145254 — upgrade BIG-IP to a fixed release per the vendor's version matrix, since CISA's required action is applying vendor updates. Until patched, restrict TMUI/management-interface access to trusted source IPs or a VPN (or disable TMUI if unused) and apply F5's published interim workaround. Because ransomware use is confirmed, hunt for indicators of compromise on both patched and unpatched appliances (unexpected files, webshells, modified login pages, new accounts or scheduled tasks) before treating systems as clean.

Liferay Portal contains a deserialization of untrusted data flaw (CWE-502) that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through the product's JSON web services. An attacker triggers it by sending crafted, untrusted serialized data to the portal's JSON web services endpoints; the available data does not specify an affected version range or authentication requirements. Successful exploitation yields remote code execution on the portal server, a foothold attackers can use to pivot into the wider environment. Any organization running Liferay Portal is affected, with internet-facing deployments at highest risk; public internet-wide scans have counted tens of thousands of exposed instances. The vulnerability is on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2021-11-03) with a 99.9% EPSS (100th percentile), indicating active or near-certain exploitation, though no public PoC is documented, ransomware use is unknown, and CVSS has not been scored.

Do: Apply Liferay's updates per vendor instructions as required by CISA KEV, prioritizing internet-facing portals, and use the Liferay advisory to identify affected instances since no version range is given here. If patching must wait, restrict external access to the JSON web services endpoints and monitor for exploitation, given the in-the-wild status and 99.9% EPSS.

KramerAV VIAWare, all tested versions, allow privilege escalation through misconfiguration of sudo. Sudoers permits running of multiple dangerous commands, including unzip, systemctl and dpkg.

KRAMER VIAware through August 2021 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code because ajaxPages/writeBrowseFilePathAjax.php accepts arbitrary executable pathnames (even though browseSystemFiles.php is no longer reachable via the GUI). NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2019-17124.

A command injection vulnerability in the web interface of the Zyxel NWA-1100-NH firmware could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands on the device.

Apache HTTP Server contains a path traversal flaw (CWE-22) that lets crafted HTTP requests reach files outside directories configured via Alias-like directives. When files outside those aliased directories are not protected by the default 'require all denied' policy, attackers can read arbitrary files outside the intended root, and if CGI scripts are enabled the traversal can be escalated to remote code execution under the web server account. Anyone running an affected Apache HTTP Server release with such a configuration is exposed; the initial 2.4.50 patch was incomplete, so the flaw's full remediation is tracked under CVE-2021-42013. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: CISA added the vulnerability to the KEV catalog on 2021-11-03 with known ransomware use, and EPSS assigns a ~100% probability of exploitation within 30 days (100th percentile).

Do: Upgrade to Apache HTTP Server 2.4.51 or later; do not stop at 2.4.50, since its fix was incomplete (see CVE-2021-42013). As an interim mitigation, ensure directories referenced by Alias-like directives are covered by 'require all denied' and disable or restrict CGI (mod_cgi/mod_cgid) on traversable paths. Review access logs for traversal patterns such as /icons/../ and unexpected CGI invocations, and hunt for webshells or ransomware staging given the known ransomware use.

Apache HTTP Server contains a path traversal flaw (CWE-22) that can lead to remote code execution; CVE-2021-42013 resolves an incomplete patch previously issued for CVE-2021-41773. The flaw is triggered when files outside directories mapped by Alias-like directives are not protected by the default 'require all denied' configuration, or when CGI scripts are enabled, allowing an attacker to traverse outside the intended directory roots. An attacker can read files outside the configured paths, and where CGI script execution is enabled, achieve remote code execution on the server. The affected product per CISA is Apache HTTP Server; the source data does not specify exact version ranges, so defenders should consult the vendor advisory for fixed releases. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the vulnerability was added to CISA KEV on 2021-11-03 with known ransomware use, EPSS estimates a 100% probability of exploitation within 30 days, and no public PoC is listed.

Do: Apply the Apache HTTP Server update per vendor instructions immediately, since this is a CISA KEV item with known ransomware use and near-certain near-term exploitation. Until patched, ensure directories targeted by Alias-like directives are covered by 'require all denied' defaults and disable CGI script execution where it is not required. Review access logs for path traversal probes and confirm no replaced version retains the incomplete earlier patch.

Apache Log4j2, an extremely widely used Java logging library, fails to protect its JNDI lookup feature against attacker-controlled JNDI-related endpoints (CWE-20, CWE-502), so crafted text processed by the logger causes the Java runtime to fetch and load attacker-supplied objects, leading to remote code execution. The flaw is triggered whenever attacker-controlled input reaches the logging API and is parsed for JNDI lookups, a pattern common in web servers and enterprise Java applications that log user-supplied fields such as headers or form values. Successful exploitation yields arbitrary code execution under the privileges of the affected application, giving attackers a foothold for lateral movement, data theft, and ransomware deployment. Any Java application or product that ships or bundles an affected Apache Log4j2 release is exposed, making this one of the most broadly deployed vulnerabilities ever disclosed. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: CISA added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2021-12-10 with known ransomware use, and EPSS assigns a 100% probability of exploitation within 30 days.

Do: Inventory all Java applications and dependencies for Apache Log4j2 and apply the vendor's patched updates, or remove affected assets from the network, as required by CISA's KEV catalog. Where updates are not yet available, use the temporary mitigations in CISA's ED-22-02 recommended-mitigation guidance, such as disabling message lookups, only until patches are applied. Prioritize internet-facing and business-critical systems and hunt for exploitation activity given known ransomware use.

CVE-2021-45046 is a remote code execution and information disclosure flaw in Apache Log4j2 (CWE-917) that resulted from an incomplete fix to CVE-2021-44228 (Log4Shell), leaving the Thread Context Lookup Pattern vulnerable in certain non-default configurations. It is triggered when an application logs attacker-controlled data using layouts or patterns that perform Thread Context (MDC) lookups, allowing crafted lookup expressions to be evaluated against untrusted input. A successful attacker can achieve remote code execution, or potentially information disclosure, on the affected service. Any deployment of Apache Log4j2 that relies on the affected non-default lookup configurations is exposed, which given Log4j2's ubiquity in Java applications and embedded products means a very large installed base. Exploitation is confirmed: the flaw is in CISA KEV (added 2023-05-01) with known ransomware use, and EPSS assigns a 100% probability of exploitation within 30 days.

Do: Upgrade Log4j2 to 2.17.0 or later per vendor instructions (or 2.12.3/2.3.1 for the legacy 2.12/2.3 branches), since the 2.16.0 fix was itself incomplete in some non-default configurations. Where upgrading is not immediately possible, remove the JndiLookup class from the Log4j2 jar or disable lookup processing, and audit applications and dependencies that bundle Log4j2 while following the CISA KEV required action to apply vendor updates.

F5 BIG-IP contains a critical missing-authentication flaw (CWE-306) in its iControl REST control plane: an unauthenticated attacker with network reachability to the management interface, or to self IPs exposing the REST service on TCP 443, can bypass authentication completely. By sending specially crafted HTTP requests, the attacker gains the ability to execute arbitrary code, create or delete files, and disable services, effectively achieving full takeover of the load balancer or security appliance and the traffic it handles. All F5 BIG-IP deployments running unpatched software are affected; the provided data does not enumerate exact version ranges, which are listed in F5's May 2022 security advisory. The flaw was added to CISA's KEV catalog on 2022-05-10 with known ransomware use, and EPSS assigns a 100% probability of exploitation within 30 days (100th percentile), indicating active in-the-wild exploitation. No public proof-of-concept is catalogued in the provided data, but the KEV listing and known ransomware use confirm real-world attacks.

Do: Upgrade affected F5 BIG-IP systems to the fixed releases listed in F5's May 2022 security advisory (K23605340) immediately, prioritizing appliances whose management interface or self IPs on TCP 443 are reachable from untrusted networks; as an interim mitigation, block untrusted access to the management interface and the iControl REST service. Because this flaw is in CISA's KEV catalog with known ransomware use, also hunt for signs of compromise (unexpected files, disabled services, unknown persistence) on any system that was exposed before patching.

CVE-2022-22947 is a code injection (Spring Expression Language injection) flaw in VMware Spring Cloud Gateway that allows arbitrary remote code execution when the Gateway Actuator endpoint is enabled, exposed, and unsecured. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can send a maliciously crafted request (typically a crafted POST to the gateway actuator routes endpoint) that is evaluated as code, letting the attacker run arbitrary commands on the host. The CVSS 3.1 score is 10.0 (critical) because exploitation is network-based, requires no privileges or user interaction, and impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability beyond the vulnerable component. All Spring Cloud Gateway deployments prior to 3.1.1/3.0.7 are affected, along with Oracle products that embed the component, including Commerce Guided Search and multiple Oracle Communications Cloud Native Core functions. Exploitation is confirmed: the flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2022-05-16, EPSS puts the 30-day exploitation probability at 98.3% (100th percentile), public PoC exploits exist, and related reporting describes botnets adding Spring Cloud Gateway exploits to their attack tooling.

Do: Upgrade Spring Cloud Gateway to 3.1.1 or later, or to 3.0.7 or later on the 3.0.x line, per VMware's advisory, and apply the relevant Oracle Critical Patch Update for affected Oracle Commerce Guided Search and Communications Cloud Native Core products. If you cannot patch immediately, disable or restrict the Gateway Actuator endpoint so it is not reachable over the network without authentication. Scan for exposed gateway actuator endpoints and review hosts for signs of command execution; this flaw is on CISA's KEV list, which requires applying updates per vendor instructions.

CVE-2022-22954 is a server-side template injection vulnerability (CWE-94) in VMware Workspace ONE Access and VMware Identity Manager that allows remote code execution on affected appliances. It is triggered when attacker-controlled input is passed into a server-side template engine, allowing injected template directives to be evaluated and executed as code on the server. A successful attacker gains the ability to run arbitrary code on the identity appliance, and CISA notes the flaw has been used in ransomware campaigns, so compromise can serve as an initial foothold for broader enterprise intrusion. Any organization running Workspace ONE Access or Identity Manager, including deployments where the Identity Manager component is bundled into VMware Horizon environments, is potentially affected, though the source data does not specify affected version ranges. The vulnerability was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2022-04-14 with ransomware use confirmed and a required action to apply vendor updates, and EPSS currently assigns it a 100% probability of exploitation within 30 days (100th percentile); no public PoC is known.

Do: Apply the patches published in VMware advisory VMSA-2022-0011 (April 2022) to Workspace ONE Access and Identity Manager appliances as required by the CISA KEV listing, prioritizing internet-facing instances, and restrict or remove public exposure until patched. Review appliance and web-server logs for template-injection probes and unexpected processes spawned by the identity service, and investigate any indications of compromise for follow-on ransomware or lateral-movement activity.

TOTOLink A3000RU V5.9c.2280_B20180512 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the "Main" function. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the QUERY_STRING parameter.

A CSRF issue in /api/crontab on iRZ Mobile Routers through 2022-03-16 allows a threat actor to create a crontab entry in the router administration panel. The cronjob will consequently execute the entry on the threat actor's defined interval, leading to remote code execution, allowing the threat actor to gain filesystem access. In addition, if the router's default credentials aren't rotated or a threat actor discovers valid credentials, remote code execution can be achieved without user interaction.