Hackers leverage 1-day vulnerabilities to deliver custom Linux malware

Adobe Commerce and Magento Open Source versions 2.4.3-p1 and earlier and 2.3.7-p2 and earlier contain an improper input validation flaw (CWE-20) in the checkout process. A remote attacker can trigger it with no privileges and no user interaction by submitting crafted input to a store's checkout flow, and successful exploitation results in arbitrary code execution on the server hosting the storefront. Any Adobe Commerce or Magento Open Source storefront running the affected versions is exposed, and because these are internet-facing e-commerce sites the practical exposure is broad. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw is in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2022-02-15), its EPSS exploitation probability is 99.2% (100th percentile), and news reports describe ongoing attacks against Magento 2 stores, including recurring 'Xurum' attack campaigns and template-based attacks.

Do: Upgrade every store to an Adobe-patched release per the vendor's instructions - i.e., any release newer than 2.4.3-p1 on the 2.4.x line or newer than 2.3.7-p2 on the 2.3.x line - noting that headlines indicate companion Magento CVEs were fixed in the same patch release, so consult Adobe's advisory for the full list. Because exploitation is unauthenticated and confirmed in the wild, prioritize internet-facing shops; WAF rules may reduce risk, but reports indicate WAF bypasses in related Magento attacks, so patching is the only reliable fix. After patching, review web server and application logs for exploitation attempts against the checkout flow and check affected hosts for indicators of compromise.

CVE-2023-41265 is an HTTP request tunneling flaw (CWE-444) in Qlik Sense Enterprise for Windows that lets a remote attacker tunnel additional HTTP requests inside a single raw HTTP request, causing those requests to be executed by the backend server hosting the repository application. Because the tunneled requests are processed in a trusted backend context, the attacker, who needs only low-privileged access according to the CVSS score, achieves privilege elevation with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS 3.1: 9.9 critical, scope changed). All Windows releases up to and including May 2023 Patch 3, February 2023 Patch 7, November 2022 Patch 10, and August 2022 Patch 12 are affected. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2023-12-07 with known ransomware use, EPSS places it in the 100th percentile (88.2% probability of exploitation within 30 days), and reporting ties active exploitation to CACTUS ransomware campaigns as well as 1-day attacks delivering NerbianRAT Linux malware. No public proof-of-concept is known, but exploitation is ongoing, making unpatched, especially internet-exposed, Qlik Sense servers a priority for defenders.

Do: Upgrade Qlik Sense Enterprise for Windows to the fixed release for your track: May 2023 Patch 4, February 2023 Patch 8, November 2022 Patch 11, or August 2022 Patch 13; the August 2023 IR also contains the fix. Per CISA's KEV required action, apply vendor remediations or discontinue use of the product if remediation is unavailable. Given active CACTUS ransomware exploitation of Qlik flaws, prioritize patching internet-exposed servers, restrict access to trusted networks, and check patched and unpatched instances for signs of compromise.

Ivanti Connect Secure (formerly Pulse Connect Secure) and Ivanti Policy Secure appliances contain a command injection flaw (CWE-77) in their web components, triggered when an authenticated administrator sends crafted requests to the appliance. The bug can be chained with the separate authentication bypass CVE-2023-46805, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to achieve the same result. Successful exploitation lets an attacker execute arbitrary commands and code on the appliance, providing a foothold into the networks behind the VPN or network access control gateway. Any organization running these appliances, typically enterprises and government agencies often deployed directly on the internet perimeter, is affected. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2024-01-10 with known ransomware use and EPSS assigns a 100% probability of exploitation within 30 days, although no public proof-of-concept is available.

Do: Apply Ivanti's mitigations or patched builds immediately per vendor instructions, addressing the chained authentication bypass CVE-2023-46805 at the same time, and discontinue or restrict use of any appliance for which mitigations are unavailable, especially if it is internet-facing. Because exploitation with ransomware use is known, assume compromise is possible: review appliance web logs for suspicious requests and run Ivanti's integrity-checking guidance to verify appliance images before and after remediation. Where feasible, restrict direct internet exposure of the appliance web interface and monitor for further vendor advisories.

Qlik Sense contains an HTTP tunneling flaw (CWE-444, inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests, i.e., HTTP request smuggling) in which the application's tunneling component and the backend server hosting the software disagree about HTTP request boundaries. An attacker triggers it by sending crafted HTTP requests through the tunneling mechanism of an affected Qlik Sense deployment. Exploitation lets the attacker escalate privileges and execute HTTP requests against the backend server, reaching internal services and interfaces that should only be accessible to the application. Any organization running an affected Qlik Sense deployment is exposed, with internet-facing instances at greatest risk. The flaw is being exploited in the wild: CISA added it to the KEV catalog on 2025-01-13 with ransomware use known, and EPSS assigns a 24.7% probability of exploitation within 30 days (98th percentile); no public PoC is known.

Do: Apply Qlik's remediation for CVE-2023-48365 per the vendor's security instructions, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable (CISA KEV required action). Prioritize internet-exposed Qlik Sense servers, and given known ransomware use, hunt for indicators such as unexpected requests arriving at the backend server, anomalous authentication activity, and lateral movement originating from the Qlik host.

A privilege escalation vulnerability in web component of Ivanti Connect Secure (9.x, 22.x) and Ivanti Policy Secure (9.x, 22.x) allows a user to elevate privileges to that of an administrator.

CVE-2024-21893 is a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the SAML component of Ivanti Connect Secure (formerly Pulse Connect Secure), Ivanti Policy Secure, and Ivanti Neurons. A remote attacker can trigger the flaw with crafted unauthenticated requests to the SAML component, causing the appliance to make requests to otherwise restricted resources. Successful exploitation allows the attacker to access certain restricted resources without any credentials, and CISA notes the flaw has been used in ransomware operations. Any organization running an affected Ivanti Connect Secure, Policy Secure, or Neurons deployment is exposed, particularly where the appliance is reachable from the internet. The vulnerability is confirmed exploited in the wild: it was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2024-01-31, carries an EPSS probability of 100%, and no public proof-of-concept is known.

Do: Apply Ivanti's released patches or the vendor-issued mitigations immediately per vendor instructions, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable, as required by CISA. Because ransomware use is documented, review SAML-related logs and appliance audit trails for signs of exploitation and follow-on compromise, and check for indicators of post-exploitation activity. Monitor Ivanti advisories for patched version numbers and updated mitigation guidance, since specific fixed versions are not yet specified in the available data.