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A Deep Dive Into Attempted Exploitation of CVE-2023
Mirai-like botnet scans exploit TP-Link EOL router flaw CVE-2023-33538 after CISA KEV addition, though observed exploit code is flawed.
Unit 42 observed large-scale automated scans attempting to exploit CVE-2023-33538 in end-of-life TP-Link TL-WR940N, TL-WR740N and TL-WR841N routers after CISA added the flaw to its KEV catalog in June 2025. HTTP GET requests inject commands via the ssid1 parameter at the /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm endpoint to download and execute an arm7 ELF binary, a Mirai variant related to the Condi IoT botnet. Firmware emulation and reverse engineering showed the observed exploits are flawed and would fail, but the underlying vulnerability is real and successful exploitation requires authentication to the router's web interface. TP-Link confirmed the devices are end-of-life with no patches available and recommends replacing units and eliminating default credentials.
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Week in review: Google fixes yet another Chrome zero-day exploit, YouTube as a cybercrime channel
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Network Security Trends: November 2021 to January 2022
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Network Security Trends: August
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May 2026 CVE Landscape
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Attackers are weaponizing the gap between Chromium fixes and Chrome patches
Espionage actors use the BlueMoon exploit kit to chain Chrome V8 and Windows kernel zero-days via spear phishing, gaining full admin on unpatched endpoints.
Proofpoint, working with Google Threat Intelligence Group, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center and Volexity, reports that the BlueMoon exploit kit chains V8 type confusion CVE-2026-85046, V8 sandbox escape CVE-2026-87491 and Windows kernel LPE CVE-2026-85880, all rated high severity. The V8 flaws were fixed in upstream Chromium source but had not yet reached Chrome stable releases, creating a patch gap that attackers reverse-engineered and weaponized. A China-aligned state-sponsored actor used the kit from August 28 against a small number of US NGOs, mining and commodity trading firms via rapport-building spear phishing, and within days several mostly China-linked espionage clusters adopted BlueMoon. The chain yields full Windows admin privileges from a single phishing click; defenders should patch Chrome and Windows, apply Proofpoint detections and hunt for leftover artifacts.
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IT threat evolution Q2 2022
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