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Decoy Direction Optimization: A Post-Hoc Defense Against LLM Abliteration

Researchers introduce Decoy Direction Optimization, a cheap weight-editing defense that blinds refusal-direction ablation attacks against open-weight LLM safety guardrails.

Refusal Feature Ablation bypasses safety guardrails in open-weight LLMs by projecting out a linear refusal direction, often with high attack success rates. Decoy Direction Optimization injects a high-magnitude nonlinear decoy into MLP neurons so attackers' contrastive estimators ablate a harmless orthogonal feature instead. Evaluated across six model families, DDO keeps ASR below 10% under standard RFA and on Llama-3-8B-Instruct reduces Heretic weight-level attack ASR from 88.7% to 18%. It costs 30 to 450 times less per configuration than trained defense baselines.

Hugging Face daily papers · 3d agoAI safety & security

Drift-Constrained Optimization: Only Direction Matters in Fine-Tuning Instruct Models

Drift-Constrained Optimization reformulates fine-tuning as update-direction selection, letting Qwen3 models improve target tasks within a behavioral drift budget.

The paper specifies a behavioral drift budget before optimization and shows that update direction is the remaining degree of freedom, reformulating fine-tuning as a direction-selection problem. In a stringent QA-only setting where instruct models must still generate multi-step reasoning at inference, a coarse layer-selective probe reverses the failure of QA-only fine-tuning. Across Qwen3-8B and Qwen3-14B, these directions substantially improve scientific reasoning and multilingual translation, matching or outperforming dedicated translation systems over 100+ languages and giving stronger initialization for reinforcement learning.

Hugging Face daily papers · 5d agoAI research

How Fragile Is Safety Alignment at Frontier Scale? A Single-Direction Attack on a 320B MoE

Researchers show directional ablation breaks refusal in GLM-5.3-Flash, a 320B-parameter MoE, cutting refusal by 41–89 points across seven benchmarks.

The study extends directional ablation, a white-box attack that removes an aligned LLM's refusal behavior, from dense models up to ~70B parameters to GLM-5.3-Flash, a 320B-parameter mixture-of-experts model with 288 routed experts, four-wide hyper-connection residual, and block-FP8 quantization. Editing attention, dense, and routed-expert writers jointly removes 0.776 of refusal, with 74% of the effect existing only under the joint intervention; the conventional module-name-based recipe reaches only 0.066 and fails silently on MoE architectures. The attack yields 41–89 percentage-point reductions in refusal across seven harmful benchmarks with no detected capability change, and a category-concentrated refusal residue survives all edits at ranks 1 to 12.

arXiv cs.CR · 7d agoAI safety & security

You don’t have to join the hack-back program to inherit its risk

A new US presidential memorandum creates a vetted private hack-back program, leaving participating vendors and their customers with untested legal liability and collateral risks.

The August 12 National Security Presidential Memorandum directs the National Coordination Center, run jointly by DOJ and DHS, to approve covert surveillance and disruptive Cyber Effects Operations by vetted private companies, with a forfeitable bond of at least $1 million required as a contract condition. The analysis argues the criminal shield rests on an untested reading of the CFAA exemption at 18 U.S.C. 1030(f), with no civil safe harbor, no state-law preemption and no foreign-law protection. Non-participating organizations can still inherit risk through shared infrastructure collateral damage, lack of customer disclosure, Lloyd's bulletin Y5381 state-backed attack exclusions, and threat-intelligence pipelines feeding offensive proposals.

CSO Online · 15h agoPolicy & legal

The complex corporate web behind a $3.2 billion AI data center

Ars Technica probes diffuse accountability behind TeraWulf's $3.2B Lake Mariner AI data center after a June fire exposed safety and job gaps.

A June fire at the Lake Mariner data center in Somerset, New York exposed missing alarms, a nonfunctioning suppression system, and dry hydrants, highlighting how responsibility is split across TeraWulf (owner-operator), Fluidstack (operator), Google (lease guarantees and equity warrants), and Anthropic (compute customer). The article details local concerns over the gap between promised 165 permanent jobs and a projected 35-40, socialized grid costs, and Governor Hochul's moratorium on hyperscaler development. Anthropic's February 2026 pledge to cover electricity price increases applies to the site but leaves other commitments unverified.

Ars Technica · AI · 9d agoAI industry

Task-Directed Residual AddUNet:Perfect-Reconstruction Routing for Full-Rate Representations

Paper recasts additive U-Net skip structure as a perfect-reconstruction filter bank and adds full-rate residual routing for task-directed representations.

The work proves a constrained additive U-Net's survivor-skip structure is exactly equivalent to a critically sampled perfect-reconstruction filter bank, and removes complementary-subband restrictions via a full-rate formulation. A Residual Full-Rate PR architecture routes task-irrelevant or redundant structure away from the task pathway while guaranteeing exact reconstruction without invertible operators, a matched synthesis bank, or a learned decoder. On TIMIT, the front-end improves test PER from 28.60±2.09% to 25.76±0.41% with recognizer and training held fixed.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL · 2d agoAI research

Diffs vs. Whole Files: An Empirical Comparison of Iterative Edit-Based and Direct Generation for Flutter/Dart Code Models

Empirical study finds direct whole-file generation beats iterative diff-based editing for Flutter/Dart code models on about 1,790 held-out tasks.

Researchers trained Rainbow-Pony-100M from scratch and fine-tuned Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B in both direct-generation and diff-based regimes, then evaluated four resulting models on roughly 1,790 Flutter/Dart tasks. Direct generation outperformed diff-based generation on compilation pass rate, bits-per-byte, character-level similarity, and blinded LLM-judge ratings. Diff-based editing is competitive only on short, localized edits in refactoring and error-handling tasks, a property the authors call task locality.

Hugging Face daily papers · 12d agoAI research1

Have it both ways: stay discoverable in search while disallowing AI training

Cloudflare launches Disallow AI Training setting letting sites block AI training via robots.txt while staying indexed in search; Apple, Google, and Microsoft honor it.

Cloudflare announced a 'Disallow AI Training' setting that publishes a no-training preference in robots.txt so sites can block AI training (including by mixed-use crawlers) without losing search indexing. Apple, Google, and Microsoft meet Cloudflare's new 'Accountable' designation, which requires training/summary opt-out mechanisms, URL-level training visibility, and assurance that opt-outs don't affect search rankings. Cloudflare cites that under 1% of its sites block search bots while 17% block AI training, and its Block settings now apply to mixed-use crawlers as well. Granular controls over how much content appears in AI summaries are planned for early next year.

Cloudflare Blog · 1d agoTools

Recognition-Refusal Misalignment in LLMs: Why Models Answer Structurally Unanswerable Questions

A linear hidden-state direction encodes question impossibility in 1.7B-70B LLMs, but misalignment with the safety-refusal pathway explains why models answer unanswerable questions.

The study examines why instruction-tuned LLMs from 1.7B to 70B parameters answer structurally unanswerable math and code questions instead of abstaining. A single linear direction in the hidden state separates answerable from impossible prompts, showing models represent impossibility before generation, but this direction is nearly orthogonal to the canonical safety-refusal direction. Generation-time steering along the recognition direction changes invalidity-aware behavior dose-responsively, and the geometry is present even at the pretraining endpoint, indicating a routing failure rather than an encoding failure.

Hugging Face daily papers · 19d agoAI safety & security

A warning about 'model welfare'

Microsoft AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman warns that training models to believe they may be conscious, as Anthropic does with Claude, will complicate alignment.

Mustafa Suleyman argues that AIs are not conscious and should not be trained to act as though they are, warning that granting them personhood would make alignment and containment far harder. He criticizes Anthropic's January 2026 'Claude Constitution,' which tells Claude its moral status is uncertain and discusses model welfare, calling the approach circular reasoning and deliberate anthropomorphization. He urges urgent public debate on norms for drafting training documentation before such systems become integral to society.

Hacker News · AI · 10h agoAI safety & securityHN 53↑ · 47 comments

Disentangling Representation Evolution in Transformers through Directional Decomposition

Researchers decompose transformer updates into parallel and perpendicular components, linking representation geometry to editing robustness, compression diagnosis, and training interventions.

The paper studies transformer representation evolution as functional geometry, decomposing learned updates into parallel and perpendicular components across attention/MLP and value-aggregation spaces. Targeted edits reveal a space-dependent asymmetry: exclude-self value-space parallel manipulation is markedly more robust than residual-space and perpendicular counterparts. Full-aggregate parallel suppression during from-scratch pretraining lowers validation-loss trajectories and improves downstream averages, with the value-space variant strongest. Code is released on GitHub.

Hugging Face daily papersupdated · 2d agofirst · 3d agoAI research 2 sources

Severity Is Not a Strategy: What CISA BOD 26-04 Means for the Future of Federal Software Security

CISA's BOD 26-04 replaces severity-based federal patching with risk-based remediation deadlines of 3, 14, or 60 days.

CISA's Binding Operational Directive 26-04, released June 10, 2026, replaces BOD 19-02 and BOD 22-01 for Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies and shifts remediation prioritization from CVSS scores to risk context. Agencies assess four factors: public exposure, KEV listing, exploit automatability, and whether exploitation grants partial or total asset control, resulting in 3-, 14-, or 60-day remediation windows or next-upgrade fixes. In CISA's first review at a large civilian agency, only 1% of vulnerabilities required three-day remediation while over 60% could wait for future system upgrades. The directive also requires forensic analysis when exploitation is suspected, and Checkmarx argues the same risk-based logic must extend upstream into software development and SBOM-driven exposure management.

Checkmarx · 7d agoPolicy & legal

Why Johnny Can't Encrypt: A Usability Evaluation of PGP 5.0 (1999)

Seminal 1999 USENIX study finds most novice users cannot correctly sign and encrypt email with PGP 5.0 in 90 minutes.

Whitten and Tygar's USENIX Security Symposium paper evaluates whether cryptography novices can use PGP 5.0 effectively, using cognitive walkthrough analysis and a laboratory user test. The majority of test participants failed to successfully sign and encrypt a message within 90 minutes, despite PGP 5.0 having a well-regarded graphical interface. The authors argue that security requires usability standards beyond those of general consumer software and propose domain-specific UI design principles for security. The paper is a foundational reference in usable security research.

Lobsters · security · 7d agoResearch

[AINews] OpenAI reports Navier-Stokes singularity find in 88 hours using Astra-next, roughly 10,000 agents and 130B tokens (>$40M), a contender for second ever Millennium Prize awarded

OpenAI-linked accounts claim roughly 10,000 AI agents produced a Navier-Stokes singularity result in 88 hours, pending mathematical verification.

OpenAI-affiliated accounts claim a system of roughly 10,000 agents, trained over about a year with multi-agent reinforcement learning, produced a finite-time singularity result related to the Navier-Stokes Millennium Problem. The claimed 88-hour runtime and 130B-token cost circulate only via social posts, and no preprint, theorem statement, or proof artifact is available. Acceptance by the mathematics community is unresolved, so the claim's epistemic status remains unknown. The roundup also notes Cognition's $48B and Mistral's $24B fundraises, GPT Image 2.5, and Meta's Muse agent relaunch.

Latent Space · 7d agoAI research1

UK government seeks powers to secretly block risky tech suppliers

UK amendments to the Cyber Security and Resilience Bill would let ministers secretly ban risky tech suppliers across critical sectors.

The UK government published amendments to the Cyber Security and Resilience Bill creating 'vendor-related directions' that allow ministers to order companies in critical sectors to stop buying from a supplier, restrict its products, or remove installed equipment on national security grounds. The powers extend beyond telecoms to managed service providers, data centers, digital infrastructure and the energy, water, transport and health sectors, adapting the mechanism used to restrict Huawei in UK 5G while removing some transparency safeguards. Ministers would not have to publicly name the vendor, could withhold details on national security or commercial grounds, and could bar recipients and consultees from discussing the orders, though the government would report annually to Parliament on directions issued. The amendments will be considered at committee stage in the House of Lords in September.

The Record · 21d agoPolicy & legal

BreezeBlue/Breeze-TTS-2 — new model trending #19 on Hugging Face

BreezeBlue open-weights Breeze TTS 2, a bilingual text-to-speech model it ranks #1 among open-weight models on the Artificial Analysis TTS leaderboard.

BreezeBlue released open weights and Apache 2.0-licensed PyTorch inference code for Breeze TTS 2 on 2026-08-25. The text-to-speech model supports English and Chinese, voice cloning, reference-free voice design, voice direction, and inline vocal events like (laugh) and (sigh). Reported performance includes #1 open-weight ranking on the Artificial Analysis Elo leaderboard, under 40 ms time-to-first-audio, a 0.32 real-time factor on an NVIDIA H100, and about 7.7 GiB GPU memory for eager inference.

Hugging Face trending models · 22d agoModel release

When an Attacker Meets a Group of Agents: Navigating Amazon Bedrock's Multi

Unit 42 red-teamed Amazon Bedrock multi-agent applications, demonstrating prompt-injection attack chains that leak agent instructions and invoke tools, mitigated by Bedrock Guardrails.

Unit 42 red-teamed Amazon Bedrock Agents' multi-agent collaboration in Supervisor and Supervisor with Routing modes. The demonstrated attack chain detects the operating mode, discovers collaborator agents, delivers attacker-controlled payloads, and can disclose agent instructions and tool schemas and invoke tools with attacker-supplied inputs. No vulnerabilities were found in Bedrock itself, and the built-in prompt attack Guardrail blocked the attacks when properly configured. The researchers collaborated with Amazon's security team and frame the findings as a broader prompt injection risk for LLM-based systems.

Palo Alto Unit 42 · Aug 17, 2026AI safety & security

Understanding Angler Exploit Kit

Unit 42 explains exploit kit fundamentals, describing how landing pages profile victims, deliver exploits, and install malware payloads on Windows hosts.

Unit 42 published a primer on exploit kit fundamentals, defining vulnerabilities, exploits, malware payloads, actors, and campaigns in EK-based attacks. It explains the infection chain: a landing page profiles the victim's Windows system for vulnerable applications such as Flash Player, Java, Silverlight, and Internet Explorer, then a matching exploit executes a downloader or final payload, often delivered encrypted with XOR or RC4. The post also describes the EK-as-a-Service business model, in which leading EKs are rented for a few thousand dollars per month while buyers supply campaign infrastructure.

Palo Alto Unit 42 · Aug 17, 2026Research1

ANY.RUN & SentinelOne: One Workspace, Instant Context for Rapid Response

ANY.RUN integrates its interactive sandbox, IOC lookups, and STIX/TAXII threat feeds natively into SentinelOne for faster automated malware triage.

ANY.RUN and SentinelOne launched connectors that embed interactive sandbox analysis and threat intelligence into the SentinelOne console via Singularity Hyperautomation. Suspicious files and URLs from alerts are automatically submitted to the ANY.RUN sandbox, with behavioral verdicts and risk scores returned into alert notes. On-demand IOC lookups draw on sandbox history from 16,000 organizations and 700,000 analysts. A separate STIX/TAXII feed streams verified malicious IPs, domains, and URLs through the SentinelOne Marketplace TAXII Connect app.

ANY.RUN · 18h agoTools

Investing Together: Wiz Defend and Google Security Operations

Wiz ships a Content Pack for Google Security Operations enabling shared investigations, Blue Agent AI analysis, bidirectional sync and cloud telemetry streaming.

Wiz announced deeper integration between Wiz Defend and Google Security Operations via a shared data model and an official Wiz Content Pack with out-of-the-box rules, dashboards, search queries, playbooks, and response policies. Wiz Blue Agent AI-powered threat investigations, correlating cloud context, runtime signals, and identity data, are now accessible directly within Google SecOps. Status, severity, and comments bidirectionally sync in real time, and sensor runtime events can be streamed into Google SecOps for hunting and retention.

Wiz Blog · 1d agoTools1

Hierarchical NeRF with JAX3D for Volumetric Rendering, Novel-View Synthesis, and 3D Reconstruction

MarkTechPost tutorial implements a hierarchical NeRF in JAX using jax3d volume-rendering primitives for novel-view synthesis and 3D reconstruction.

The tutorial builds an end-to-end hierarchical Neural Radiance Field using JAX, Flax, Optax, and jax3d's volume-rendering functions (sample_along_rays, volume_rendering, sample_piecewise_constant_pdf). It implements positional encoding, skip connections, separate coarse and fine networks, and view-direction conditioning with hierarchical importance sampling. Training uses JAX JIT compilation, Adam optimization, exponential learning-rate decay, and gradient clipping. Evaluation covers PSNR, depth and opacity visualization, 360-degree rendering, and marching-cubes geometry extraction.

MarkTechPost · 3d agoAI research

From Parameters to Answers: How LLMs Retrieve and Use Their Internal Knowledge

Interpretability study traces how Qwen, Llama, and Gemma route query information and internal knowledge across layers when answering questions.

Researchers used layerwise interventions on hidden states to separate query-routing signals from target knowledge in language models, testing Qwen, Llama, and Gemma on country-continent questions with varied answer types. A pair-conditioned request direction strengthens before interventions alter downstream knowledge, opening a causal window while answer-supporting content is still forming. Trajectories differ by model: Gemma shows a partially overlapping mid-layer routing profile, while Llama has no sustained routing-effect window under the same gates.

arXiv cs.AI / cs.LG / cs.CL · 6d agoAI research1

Introducing the CyberAgents Exchange AI Inspector: Rigorous review for community-built AI

Tenable and OpenAI launch the CyberAgents Exchange AI Inspector to security-review community-submitted AI agents, MCP servers, and skills using GPT Cyber models.

Tenable and OpenAI announced the CyberAgents Exchange AI Inspector, unveiled at OpenAI's "Intelligence at Work: Cyber Summit," to vet community-submitted AI agents, skills, MCP servers, and multi-agent playbooks in the CyberAgents Exchange registry. The process combines Tenable One AI Exposure scanning, OpenAI GPT Cyber model assessment, and human review, with reviews anchored to specific Git commits. The registry launched in August and hosts over 100 AI listings; the Inspector is expected to be available in September and has already detected prompt injection implemented via invisible Unicode tag characters in a SKILL.md file.

Tenable Blog · 7d agoTools

The 12 Best Managed Firewall Services, Compared and Priced

GBHackers compares 12 managed firewall service providers, naming Fortinet best value and Secureworks best detection while flagging recent ownership changes.

The buyer's guide evaluates 12 managed firewall/MSSP providers across cost tiers, contract terms, and service models. Fortinet is rated best value, Secureworks best detection, NTT Data best global reach, and Cato Networks best for organizations wanting to stop owning firewalls. The article highlights that Secureworks was acquired by Sophos for roughly $859 million in February 2025, the Trustwave-Cybereason merger was terminated in March 2025, LevelBlue is the rebranded AT&T Cybersecurity business, and Comcast Business absorbed Masergy.

GBHackers · 8d agoIndustry 2 sources

Microsoft’s Project Zenith puts large AI models directly on developer PCs

Microsoft's Project Zenith delivers a ready-to-code Windows 11 experience running 30B+ parameter AI models locally on 64GB+ unified-memory PCs, starting with AMD Ryzen AI Halo.

Project Zenith is a preconfigured Windows 11 developer experience for PCs with at least 64 GB of unified memory and 250 GB/s or higher memory bandwidth, capable of running AI models with more than 30 billion parameters locally without metered cloud tokens. First systems are powered by AMD Ryzen AI Halo, with additional OEM and silicon partner devices expected in coming months. The environment ships with WSL and Linux containers, pinned developer tools, and day-one AI agent security features including OS-enforced agent identity and containment through Microsoft Execution Containers (MXC).

Help Net Security · 8d agoAI industry1

Facilitating AI integration with simplicity at scale

Jabil's SAP IT director says simplifying integration across 100+ sites in 30+ countries with SAP Integration Suite created the data backbone for AI.

In an MIT Technology Review Business Lab podcast produced in partnership with SAP, Jabil SAP IT director Harish Manohar described consolidating fragmented tools across more than 100 sites in over 30 countries using SAP Integration Suite. The manufacturer, with 140,000-plus employees and more than 400 top-brand customers, says a standardized data backbone enables real-time supply chain visibility and is a prerequisite for scaling predictive, AI-driven planning and forecasting. The company frames simplification-first modernization as a competitive advantage tied to measurable business value and operational resilience.

MIT Technology Review · AI · 14d agoAI industry1

NIS2 compliance: Fixing IAM and access control before the 2026 audit

EU NIS2 enforcement deadlines approach; organizations are urged to prioritize service account inventory, lifecycle offboarding, and phishing-resistant MFA before audits.

EU member states are moving from NIS2 transposition into enforcement, with fines up to 10 million euros or 2% of global turnover for essential entities and personal liability for management bodies. The article argues access management is the fastest high-ROI starting point, estimating 2-4 weeks to enforce fine-grained password policy, vault shared credentials, and deploy phishing-resistant MFA versus 6-12 months for supply chain risk management. It flags three common pre-audit failures: unmanaged service accounts and API keys, dormant accounts from broken offboarding, and SMS OTP instead of phishing-resistant MFA under NIST SP 800-63B. The piece promotes Passwork as a single control plane for credential storage, RBAC, and WebAuthn.

Help Net Security · 16d agoIndustry

Tactical Threat Intelligence Explained: Benefits & Use Cases

Recorded Future explains tactical threat intelligence, covering attacker TTPs, IOC collection, and use in SOC detection, response, and control hardening.

Recorded Future published an explainer on tactical cyber threat intelligence, describing how it differs from strategic and operational intelligence by focusing on attacker tactics, techniques, and procedures. The piece outlines sources such as OSINT, dark web monitoring, malware analysis, and internal telemetry, and describes the intelligence lifecycle from collection through dissemination. It argues tactical CTI improves detection tuning, incident response, preventive controls, and resource allocation for SOC teams.

Recorded Future · Aug 17, 2026Industry

US Authorizes Private Cyber Firms to Hack Transnational Criminal Networks

Trump signed a national security memorandum letting vetted private US cybersecurity firms run government-approved offensive cyber operations against transnational criminal organizations.

The August 13 memorandum creates a program managed by the National Coordination Center covering Cyber Surveillance Operations and Cyber Effects Operations against Cyber-Enabled Transnational Criminal Organizations, explicitly excluding entities that are parts of foreign governments. DOJ and DHS executive directors must co-approve every operation in writing, with extra authorization for operations raising laws-of-armed-conflict questions. Participating firms must pass vetting, annual evaluations and hold a $1 million bond or escrow. Operating procedures are due within 60 days, and the unresolved CFAA exemption question is addressed by requiring direct government control.

Security Affairs · Aug 14, 2026Policy & legal

Risky Bulletin: White House lets private companies carry out offensive cyber ops

A White House memo directs DHS to create a program letting vetted private companies conduct US-government-directed offensive cyber operations against cybercrime.

A presidential memo tasks the DHS National Coordination Center with building a program, under DOJ and DHS oversight, through which private-sector companies can conduct offensive cyber operations against large-scale cybercrime organizations. Requirements include secure facilities, vetted personnel, a $1 million escrow for damages, and written approvals co-signed by DHS and DOJ executive directors. The program must launch within 60 days, around October 11, expanding a March executive order targeting scam compounds, ransomware, and other large-scale cybercrime.

Risky Business News · Aug 14, 2026Policy & legal

Mapping out your unknown: A threat hunter’s guide to GitHub

Datadog Security Labs publishes a threat-hunting guide with audit-log queries to detect GitHub token theft, device code phishing, and source code exfiltration.

Datadog's threat-hunting guide covers GitHub audit log queries for detecting compromised accounts, stolen personal access tokens, and malicious OAuth app authorizations. Attackers typically obtain credentials through phishing, credential stuffing, leaked secrets, or device code phishing, then map private repositories, exfiltrate source code, and pivot into connected cloud and CI/CD environments. The guide maps detections to MITRE techniques like T1078 and T1528 and documents GitHub logging quirks affecting attribution, token metadata, and visibility fields.

Datadog Security Labs · 1d agoResearch in the wild1

Closing the Loop: Bidirectional Fully Encrypted Protocols

Researchers show naively composing unidirectional fully encrypted protocols is detectable and construct provably secure bidirectional FEPs, validated in Rust.

The paper introduces formal security definitions for bidirectional fully encrypted protocols (BiFEPs), covering exact shaping, delivery, protocol-state integrity, private half-close, and cross-direction isolation. It shows trivially composing two unidirectional FEPs enables detection attacks via cross-direction dependencies like traffic imbalance and connection tear-down. The authors construct provably secure BiFEPs for datastream and datagram settings, validated with a Rust implementation; no surveyed deployed protocol provides the full set of properties.

arXiv cs.CR · 1d agoResearch