Security Affairs newsletter Round 546 by Pierluigi Paganini

CVE-2025-49844, dubbed "RediShell," is a use-after-free (CWE-416) in Redis's embedded Lua scripting engine that per vendor and press coverage has existed for roughly 13 years in all Redis versions with Lua scripting enabled. An authenticated user triggers it by submitting a specially crafted Lua script (via EVAL/EVALSHA) that manipulates the garbage collector and causes a use-after-free condition. Successful exploitation can lead to remote code execution in the context of the redis-server process; the CVSS 3.1 score of 9.9 (critical) reflects network reachability, low required privileges, and changed scope. Redis versions up to and including 8.2.1 are affected, with 8.2.2 containing the fix, and the CPE data also lists the Valkey fork as affected. No confirmed in-the-wild exploitation is reported (not in CISA KEV), but a public proof-of-concept exists and EPSS assigns an 82.3% probability of exploitation within 30 days (100th percentile).

Do: Upgrade redis-server to version 8.2.2 or later; for Valkey, apply the vendor's corresponding Lua fix when available. If patching is not immediately possible, restrict the EVAL and EVALSHA commands using Redis ACLs so users cannot execute Lua scripts, and verify that any internet-exposed instances require authentication. Review logs for unexpected or anomalous EVAL/EVALSHA usage from authenticated clients.

Oracle Configurator, a component of Oracle E-Business Suite, is affected by a server-side request forgery (SSRF) flaw in its Runtime UI component (CVE-2025-61884). The flaw is easily exploitable: an unauthenticated attacker with network access over HTTP can trigger the server to make attacker-controlled requests, compromising Oracle Configurator and gaining unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all data accessible to Oracle Configurator. The CVSS 3.1 score is 7.5 (high) with confidentiality-only impact, meaning the flaw primarily exposes sensitive data rather than altering or destroying it. All supported Oracle E-Business Suite 12.2.x releases from 12.2.3 through 12.2.14 are affected, and Oracle has issued an emergency security update in response. Exploitation is confirmed in the wild: the flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2025-10-20 with known ransomware use, and EPSS assigns a 97.8% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (100th percentile).

Do: Apply the fixes from Oracle's emergency security update for CVE-2025-61884 across all E-Business Suite 12.2.3-12.2.14 environments, prioritizing internet-exposed instances; U.S. federal agencies must remediate per BOD 22-01 or follow applicable cloud-service guidance by the KEV due date. Until patched, restrict untrusted network access to the Configurator Runtime UI (HTTP) and monitor EBS logs and outbound server-side requests for signs of exploitation. Given the confirmed ransomware association, hunt for follow-on activity such as unusual data access or lateral movement originating from EBS servers.

WatchGuard Fireware OS contains an out-of-bounds write (CWE-787) in the iked process that a remote, unauthenticated attacker can trigger to execute arbitrary code on the appliance. The flaw is reachable via the mobile user VPN with IKEv2 and via branch office VPNs using IKEv2 to a dynamic gateway peer; devices whose IKEv2 configurations were deleted may remain vulnerable if a branch office VPN to a static gateway peer is still configured. Successful exploitation yields full system compromise, reflected in the CVSS v4.0 base score of 9.3 (network vector, no privileges or user interaction, high impact on confidentiality, integrity and availability). WatchGuard Firebox appliances with IKEv2 VPN services are affected, with public reporting citing roughly 54,000 internet-exposed Fireboxes; the issue was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2025-11-12, a public proof-of-concept exploit exists, and headlines indicate use in ransomware attacks (KEV ransomware field is listed as unknown). EPSS assigns a 91.3% probability of exploitation within 30 days (100th percentile), so remediation urgency is high.

Do: Apply the patched Fireware OS release per WatchGuard's security advisory immediately (exact fixed version numbers are not provided in the source data); the KEV listing makes BOD 22-01 remediation timelines mandatory for U.S. federal agencies. As an interim mitigation, restrict or disable IKEv2 VPN exposure — mobile user VPN with IKEv2 and branch office VPN IKEv2, including residual static-peer BOVPN configurations on devices that previously had IKEv2 configured — to trusted sources only. Administrators should audit configuration history to identify Fireboxes with prior IKEv2 mobile VPN or dynamic-peer BOVPN setups, since these may remain vulnerable even after the configs were deleted.