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Iran-linked hackers expand infrastructure across Europe and Middle East, report says
Group-IB found Iran-linked Tortoiseshell expanding command-and-control infrastructure into the UK, Belgium, Saudi Arabia and the UAE with new malware tooling.
Group-IB researchers identified new Tortoiseshell command-and-control infrastructure, including servers named 'uk1' and 'uk2' hosted on UK IP addresses, plus systems in Belgium, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The Iran-linked espionage group, active since at least 2018 and previously tied to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, has historically targeted defense, aerospace, technology and military organizations in the Middle East and the United States. Researchers also uncovered new malware samples, including a backdoor resembling TwoStroke that enables command execution, file theft and system reconnaissance, and a tool establishing reverse SSH tunnels to attacker-controlled servers. Group-IB assesses that the group is expanding both its geographic reach and its capabilities and ranks it among the most active Iranian APTs of 2026.
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PaperCut Attacker Uses Hundreds of AI Agents to Compromise 440+ Instances
GreyNoise and Blackpoint tracked an AI-assisted actor using OpenAI Codex and DeepSeek agents to exploit PaperCut flaws across 440+ instances in 48 countries.
A suspected Russian-speaking actor exploited the CVE-2026-81578 authentication bypass and CVE-2026-82078 RCE chain in PaperCut NG/MF, compromising at least 440 instances across 395 organizations in 48 countries, heavily targeting education in the US, UK, France, and elsewhere. The actor used hundreds of AI agents powered by OpenAI Codex and DeepSeek plus tools like Mimikatz, SharpHound, Certipy, Rubeus, and Impacket, reaching domain admin at 12 victims and full domain admin at a US high school within seven minutes. Post-exploitation included registry hive collection and Metasploit/Meterpreter payloads, with origin traced to IP 45.142.193.132.
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Agents Gone Wild: An AI-Orchestrated Global Campaign Against PaperCut NG/MF
AI-orchestrated campaign exploited PaperCut NG/MF RCE (CVE-2026-81578/82078), compromising 440+ instances at 395 organizations in 48 countries.
GreyNoise tracked a likely Russian-speaking actor using AI (OpenAI Codex harness plus a DeepSeek model) to develop, test, and deploy exploits for PaperCut NG/MF (CVE-2026-81578, CVE-2026-82078) starting 31 August 2026. The actor compromised at least 440 PaperCut instances across 395 organizations in 48 countries, achieving domain admin at 12 victims — fastest time to domain admin was five minutes and a US high school was fully compromised in seven minutes. Attack paths involved LSASS memory and registry secret harvesting, pass-the-hash to domain controllers, noPac attacks, account additions to Domain Admins, and DCSync to exfiltrate full NTDS.DIT credential dumps. Impact scope suggests access development potentially for handoff, with prior PaperCut intrusions historically leading to extortion.
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EU takes aim at Russia over 'Ghostwriter' hacking campaign against politicians, government officials
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