FP4 pretraining needs more exposures to learn rare facts
NVFP4 needed 1.32× and 1.52× as many exposures as BF16 to match recall while loss differed by 0.5% and 2%.
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NVFP4 needed 1.32× and 1.52× as many exposures as BF16 to match recall while loss differed by 0.5% and 2%.
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Keeping RoPE, SwiGLU, and residual RMSNorm intermediates in FP32 prevented collapse on four Qwen-family models.
A study of Qwen3-1.7B shows multi-teacher on-policy distillation is shaped by averaging, Adam, and BF16 precision.
A distillation study shows averaging, Adam, and BF16 reshape how multi-teacher signals update student models.
Reproduction study finds Orthrus speculative-decoding trajectories match the reference model in only ~45% of cases under BF16, but 100% under FP32.
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