TUTTI bootstraps CKKS in under 3 ms on CPU
On 192 threads it restores 1 to 9 levels for 4096 messages in 46 to 83.4 ms, up to 3 times faster than SHIP.
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On 192 threads it restores 1 to 9 levels for 4096 messages in 46 to 83.4 ms, up to 3 times faster than SHIP.
In a matched 100-update run, device-resident bootstrapping cut training from 14,268.295 to 293.075 seconds with equal decoded parameters.
The design separates key distribution from encrypted aggregation, matrix multiplication, and decision-tree inference.
On [-5,5], SPA-balanced is 3.25× faster than MOAI for erf-GELU at comparable error.
HE-OFT fine-tunes models once under multiparty CKKS so no participant receives the trained model.
A new operator stabilizes deep reinforcement learning when training runs under fully homomorphic encryption constraints.
ROSETTA is a hybrid CKKS/TFHE homomorphic encryption framework for privacy-preserving LLM decoding, achieving up to 4.8x Softmax and 2.1x end-to-end speedups.
Odin runs Llama-3-8B fully homomorphic encrypted inference on a single H100 in 366 seconds, a 4.51x speedup over THOR.
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