Proofpoint reports multiple espionage groups rapidly adopting BlueMoon, a new exploit kit chaining Chrome and Windows zero-days.
Proofpoint identified a new exploit kit, BlueMoon, chaining two Chrome V8 zero-days (CVE-2026-85046, CVE-2026-87491) with a Windows ALPC privilege escalation zero-day (CVE-2026-85880), all patched between September 3 and September 2026 Patch Tuesday. China-linked Violet Typhoon (APT31) first used it on August 28 against US NGOs and mining/commodity trading firms; UNK_LateNight, UNK_DoubleCheck, and UNK_QuietRacket adopted it within days against targets in the US, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Singapore. The kit exploits the V8 defects for sandbox escape, fingerprints the host, and injects a CreateProcess stub into the Chrome broker process to download and execute a payload via curl. Development artifacts suggest the kit's creators may have used AI to build it, potentially lowering the barrier to exploit development.
Nozomi details KATARU, an IoT botnet that brute-forces Telnet, exploits public Linux kernel flaws for root access, and launches multi-protocol DDoS attacks.
KATARU, discovered after honeypot Telnet brute-force activity from a Vietnamese IP, downloads an ARM payload (vlxx.arm) and attempts privilege escalation by editing /etc/passwd or exploiting CVE-2026-46300 (Fragnesia), CVE-2026-43284 (Dirty Frag), and CVE-2026-31431 (Copy Fail). It combines Mirai-style TCP, UDP, ICMP, HTTP, QUIC and DNS floods with application attacks against Minecraft, FiveM, OpenVPN and WireGuard. The malware uses X25519 and ChaCha20-Poly1305 encrypted C2, unusually broad persistence across systemd, cron, init frameworks, and Android hooks, plus anti-debugging and decoy traffic to hinder analysis. Implementers copied x86 shellcode into the ARM binary and reused an RFC 7748 test-vector key, indicating low-quality but rapidly evolving commodity development.
Multiple China-linked espionage groups share the BlueMoon exploit kit chaining Chrome V8 zero-days and a Windows ALPC LPE to deploy backdoors.
Proofpoint and Volexity report that multiple espionage clusters share the BlueMoon exploit kit, chaining Chrome V8 zero-days CVE-2026-85046 and CVE-2026-87491 with the Windows ALPC local privilege escalation CVE-2026-85880. Proofpoint observed spearphishing use since August 28 by JungleBamboo (APT31), while Volexity saw UTA0560 targeting NGOs from September 1; UNK_LateNight hit US aerospace/defense with ShadowPad and UNK_DoubleCheck targeted Vietnamese manufacturers. The kit's maintainers reverse-engineer public Chromium fixes before stable Chrome releases, and Proofpoint suspects the ALPC exploit has existed since 2025.
China-linked clusters deploy the BlueMoon kit chaining Chrome V8 CVE-2026-85046 and Windows LPE CVE-2026-85880 in espionage campaigns.
Proofpoint researchers identified BlueMoon, an exploit kit combining a V8 type-confusion RCE (CVE-2026-85046), a V8 sandbox escape, and a Windows kernel privilege-escalation flaw (CVE-2026-85880), first observed August 28, 2026. At least four clusters adopted it, led by TA412 (also tracked as APT31/Violet Typhoon) and followed by UNK_LateNight, UNK_DoubleCheck, and UNK_QuietRacket, targeting aerospace, manufacturing, government, consulting, and financial sectors. The kit exploited a nearly four-week patch gap between the public Chromium commit (August 7) and stable rollout (September 3). TA412 delivered the GemStone Chrome extension masquerading as a Gemini companion, while other clusters deployed ShadowPad via DLL sideloading, a Rust loader, and DoH-based C2.
At least four China-aligned espionage groups chained three zero-days in Chromium browsers and Windows ALPC for espionage since late August.
Proofpoint observed at least four state-aligned threat groups, starting with TA412/Violet Typhoon/APT31 on August 28, chaining three zero-days in the 'BlueMoon' exploit chain targeting Chrome, Chromium-based browsers and Microsoft Windows. The chain includes RCE flaws in Chromium's JavaScript engine (CVE-2026-85046, CVE-2026-87491) and a Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call privilege-escalation zero-day (CVE-2026-85880), enabling sandbox code execution, sandbox escape and system privileges. APT31 delivered the chain via phishing links to NGOs, mining and commodity trading firms in the US, installing a browser extension disguised as Google Gemini to surveil activity and steal credentials. Other groups (UNK_LateNight, UNK_DoubleCheck, UNK_QuietRacket) targeted US aerospace, Vietnamese manufacturing, and Indonesian and Singaporean organizations; fewer than 20 victims were directly observed but the true count is likely higher.
Four China-aligned espionage groups, starting with TA412/APT31, chained zero-days CVE-2026-85046, CVE-2026-87491 and CVE-2026-85880 to spy on targets since late August.
TA412 (Violet Typhoon/APT31) began exploiting the BlueMoon chain on Aug. 28, followed by UNK_LateNight (US aerospace, Sept. 2), UNK_DoubleCheck (Vietnamese manufacturing via a compromised Southeast Asian government account) and UNK_QuietRacket (Indonesia and Singapore government, consulting and finance, Sept. 3). The chain pairs Chromium JavaScript engine RCE flaws CVE-2026-85046 and CVE-2026-87491 with the Windows ALPC privilege-escalation zero-day CVE-2026-85880, enabling sandbox escape and system privileges. Delivery used phishing links installing a fake Google Gemini browser extension that surveilled browser activity and stole credentials; Proofpoint directly observed fewer than 20 organizations but expects wider proliferation as the kit spreads.
Proofpoint links four espionage clusters, including China's APT31, using shared exploit kit BlueMoon chaining Chrome V8 and Windows ALPC zero-days.
Proofpoint reports a previously undocumented exploit kit, BlueMoon, chains Chrome V8 type confusion CVE-2026-85046 with an unassigned V8 sandbox escape and Windows ALPC heap overflow CVE-2026-85880 to achieve code execution and local privilege escalation. APT31 first used it on August 28, 2026 against US NGOs, mining, and commodity trading firms, deploying the GemStone browser backdoor disguised as a Google Gemini extension via the GhostChrome-X integrity bypass. UNK_LateNight, UNK_DoubleCheck, and UNK_QuietRacket followed on September 2-3, targeting US aerospace, Vietnamese manufacturing, and Indonesian/Singaporean sectors with ShadowPad and sideloaded Rust and .NET payloads. Both V8 flaws were patch-gap zero-days, and verbose code suggests possible AI-assisted development.
Four China-linked espionage groups share identical BlueMoon Chrome zero-day exploit kit targeting US defense contractors and Asian government agencies.
Proofpoint identified at least four Chinese-aligned espionage groups (TA412/RedBravo, UNK_LateNight, UNK_DoubleCheck, UNK_QuietRacket) using an identical Chrome zero-day exploit kit dubbed BlueMoon in late August through this week. Targets include US defense contractors, NGOs, mining companies, and Southeast Asian government agencies. The exploit chains a Chromium patch-gap vulnerability with a Windows flaw, delivering malware such as ShadowPad and a fake Gemini browser extension backdoor, with possible AI-assisted exploit development.
OECD PISA data from 91 countries shows AI-using students generally score lower, though moderate intentional use plus critical evaluation training can improve outcomes.
PISA 2025 data covering over 760,000 students in 91 countries found that, after adjusting for socioeconomic status, students who never use AI generally outperformed users in science. Effects varied by use type and frequency: task-specific uses like summarizing showed the largest drops, while weekly users of AI for general learning slightly outperformed non-users, especially when trained to critically assess AI output. AI use was higher among advantaged students and varied widely by country, from over 95% in Vietnam to 60% in Japan.
Exposed Vietnam-linked APIS database held 220.8 million passenger and crew records with passport and flight data from January 2017 to April 2026.
Kinryū Labs discovered an exposed Elasticsearch cluster named 'pax-info' containing 220.8 million passenger and crew records, about 107 GB across 29 indices, hosted on IP space assigned to Viettel in Hanoi. The records include names, birth dates, nationalities, passport numbers, and detailed flight information from airlines across Asia-Pacific, Europe and the Middle East. Researchers reported the exposure on June 3 and the database was secured by June 8 with Singapore Airlines coordinating; no evidence of theft was found, but missing server logs mean access cannot be ruled out.
Infoblox reports Sable Squirrel spent nearly $7 million on expired domains to redirect traffic to illegal sports streaming, gambling, and malware infrastructure.
Infoblox tracked 50,400 dropcatch domains re-registered daily in gTLDs during H1 2026, nearly 20% of all registrations, with .net and .xyz leading. The threat actor Sable Squirrel has acquired more than 10,000 expired domains supporting Asian sports piracy brands such as Xoilac, Cakhia, 90phut, Socolive, and MiTom while promoting betting services like VSBet, ColaScore, and 8xbet. The operation, assessed as Vietnam-based and overlapping the dismantled Xoi Lac TV streaming network, targets users in Vietnam, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and Australia via a traffic distribution system, publishes Android apps through suspected compromised Google Play developer accounts, and deployed over 31,000 malware samples including Quasar RAT, AsyncRAT, DCRat, NanoCore, Remcos RAT, and njRAT.
China-linked campaign used the SecFlow AI-agent framework (Claude, Qwen, DeepSeek) to automate intrusions against government targets in Taiwan, Indonesia, China and Vietnam.
Hunt.io documented a second China-linked campaign wiring commercial AI models into live cyberespionage, reconstructing the SecFlow orchestration system from five accidentally exposed open directories. Targets included Taiwan's Kuomintang Party archives, Indonesia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, mainland Chinese government and education systems, and Vietnamese industrial hosts. The most extensive compromise hit a Fengtai District government Office Automation environment, yielding LSASS and registry hive theft, 822 user records and 1.28GB of attachments including patient health data. Tooling included a GLUTTON webshell hiding payloads in PNG pixels via steganography and a fake MySQL deserialization service for client-side code execution.
Check Point links Gambling Goblin, a Chinese-speaking cluster, to malicious Apache modules hijacking Brazilian government servers to promote betting sites.
Check Point Research tracks Gambling Goblin, a Chinese-speaking cluster, installing malicious Apache reverse-proxy modules on compromised Brazilian government and education web servers since mid-2025. The modules divert visitors to gambling and fake app-store pages while stripping the site's security headers, likely for large-scale SEO manipulation. The group's Linux arsenal includes DownPro, AlphaAgent, oRAT, a 3snake-based credential stealer, and SSH brute-forcing tools, and it is tied to Trend Micro's Earth Berberoka. Related SEO-fraud campaigns on .gov.br domains were documented by ESET (GhostRedirector), Palo Alto Networks Unit 42, and Hunt.io.
Check Point identifies Chinese-speaking group Gambling Goblin hijacking Brazilian government domains via malicious Apache modules for SEO-manipulated gambling phishing.
Check Point Research tracks a sustained campaign since mid-2025 against Brazilian government and educational organizations by Gambling Goblin, a Chinese-speaking cybercrime cluster linked to Earth Berberoka. Attackers compile and install malicious Apache modules that silently reverse-proxy visitors to phishing pages impersonating Google Play, Microsoft Store, and Amazon, chaining compromised high-reputation domains to inflate search rankings. The group deploys a heavily obfuscated Linux toolkit including DownPro, AlphaAgent, oRAT, a 3snake-based credential stealer, and SSH brute-forcers, with parallel phishing networks localized for Vietnamese, Spanish, and English victims.
Trojanized Packagist themes inject JavaScript into Vietnamese streaming sites, exploiting unpatched iPhone WebKit and kernel flaws to install spyware and steal crypto wallet seeds.
Socket researchers found 13 malicious Composer theme packages across five vendor namespaces (including vsmov, vsphim, and ophimcms) that inject JavaScript into Vietnamese movie and comic streaming sites. On iPhones running iOS 18.4-18.6.x, the injected code fires a WebKit-to-kernel exploit chain using CVE-2025-31277 and CVE-2025-43529, pivoting through the GPU process and the AppleM2ScalerCSCDriver IOKit user client to gain kernel read/write. Since around August 12, 2026 the payload also steals cryptocurrency wallet seeds and mnemonics from Bitget, BitKeep, Bitpie, Phantom, Tonkeeper, Trust Wallet, and OKX, alongside keychain databases, Wi-Fi passwords, SMS, photos, cookies, and location history, uploaded via HTTPS to rotating C2 domains. The group is believed to be Vietnamese-operated, hosts exploits on Funnull infrastructure, and Apple patched the kernel escape flaw in iOS and macOS 26.1.
Cisco Talos exposes UAT-10147, a Chinese-speaking group using AI tools to automate intrusions, deploy SPECTRE, BadIIS, and rootkits against web servers worldwide.
Cisco Talos detailed UAT-10147, a Chinese-speaking cybercrime group conducting SEO fraud and data theft against Windows and Linux web servers in education, media, technology, and gaming sectors, with most victims in Brazil, Bolivia, China, Canada, and Vietnam. The actor exploits publicly disclosed vulnerabilities for initial access, including Zimbra (CVE-2022-27925) and Alibaba Nacos (CVE-2021-29441), and abuses Linux LPE flaws like CVE-2022-0847 and CVE-2021-3156 for root. Its toolset includes AI-assisted frameworks DeepAudit and PentestGPT, plus implants such as SPECTRE, BadIIS, Quasar RAT, Gh0stCringe, and Noodle RAT. An exposed directory contained a target list of roughly 170,000 URLs, with the US, India, UK, Germany, and Netherlands as top destinations.
Unit 42 identifies KerrDown, a new OceanLotus (APT32) downloader active since 2018 targeting Vietnamese speakers via malicious macros and DLL side-loading.
Unit 42 tracks KerrDown, a previously undocumented downloader family used by OceanLotus (APT32) since at least early 2018, primarily targeting Vietnam or Vietnamese-speaking individuals. Delivery uses macro-laced Microsoft Office documents embedding base64-encoded 32-bit and 64-bit DLLs, and RAR archives containing a legitimate program abused for DLL side-loading. KerrDown is dropped as main_background.png, downloads a DES-encrypted payload from a URL, and executes it directly in memory. Researchers used Jaccard-index similarity analysis to identify the new family, connect campaign samples, and infer patterns in the group's working hours and days.
Infoblox finds dropcatch expired domains fuel malware delivery and C2, with actor Sable Squirrel spending ~$7M on 10,000+ domains.
Infoblox Threat Intel reports that in H1 2026 dropcatch (re-registered expired) domains made up nearly 20% of all new registrations, about 65,000 per day, inheriting reputation and traffic that attackers exploit. Threat actor Sable Squirrel spent nearly $7 million on 10,000+ expired domains, running Vietnamese, Korean, Japanese and Australian streaming platforms (Xoilac, Cakhia, 90phut) that double as C2 servers for Quasar RAT, AsyncRAT, DCRat and Remcos RAT. Scavenger actors like Shady Squirrel acquire previously compromised domains and feed inherited traffic to SocGholish and tech support scam networks.
Actively Exploited V8 Type Confusion in Google Chrome (CVE-2026-85046)
Google Chrome versions prior to 152.0.7977.82 contain a type confusion flaw (CWE-843) in the V8 JavaScript engine, which mishandles object types during engine operations (public proof-of-concept writeups indicate it is reachable through array sorting and WebAssembly-related code paths). A remote attacker triggers the flaw simply by getting a user to open a crafted HTML page, with no privileges or authentication required. Successful exploitation lets the attacker execute arbitrary code inside the browser's sandbox, and public reporting shows it being chained with Windows zero-days (the 'BlueMoon' exploit kit) by Chinese espionage groups for broader compromise. Any user of an unpatched Chrome or another build embedding the affected V8 engine is exposed. The vulnerability is a zero-day that was actively exploited in the wild before patching, was added to CISA's KEV on 2026-09-04, and has five public proof-of-concept references.
· Google Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.82 · Google Chromium V8 V8 engine versions bundled with Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.82 KEV PoC ×5mass
Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in Windows ALPC Enables Local Privilege Escalation
CVE-2026-85880 is a heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC), the Windows mechanism for local inter-process communication. An authorized local attacker can trigger the overflow by submitting crafted input over ALPC, corrupting heap memory in the component that handles the request. Successful exploitation allows the attacker to execute code with elevated privileges, typically gaining SYSTEM-level control of the local host, which is especially valuable as a post-exploitation or sandbox-escape step. Affected products include Windows 10 (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2) and Windows Server 2012, 2016, 2019, and 2022, meaning most on-premises Windows estates are in scope. The flaw was fixed in Microsoft's record 974-CVE September 2026 Patch Tuesday and was added to CISA's KEV on 2026-09-08, confirming exploitation in the wild; press reports describe Windows zero-days being chained with a Chrome zero-day in 'BlueMoon' kit attacks, though the data does not explicitly confirm this CVE is the Windows flaw in that chain.
· Microsoft Windows 10 1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2 · Microsoft Windows Server 2012, 2016, 2019, 2022 KEVmass
Actively Exploited Out-of-Bounds Write in Google Chrome V8
CVE-2026-87491 is an out-of-bounds write (CWE-787) in the V8 JavaScript engine in Google Chrome, fixed in Chrome 153.0.8010.36, which Google shipped alongside roughly 230 other security fixes. An attacker can trigger the flaw remotely by luring a user (user interaction required) into opening a crafted HTML page that corrupts memory in V8. Successful exploitation allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the Chrome browser sandbox, which constrains but does not eliminate the impact. All Google Chrome users running versions prior to 153.0.8010.36 are affected; because the flaw resides in V8, CISA tracks it as 'Google Chromium V8', and other Chromium-based browsers may inherit the fix in their own updates. The flaw is being actively exploited in the wild — it is the seventh actively exploited Chrome zero-day of 2026 and was added to CISA's KEV catalog on 2026-09-09 — though no public proof-of-concept is known and ransomware use is unknown.
· Google Chrome (V8 JavaScript engine; tracked by CISA as 'Google Chromium V8') prior to 153.0.8010.36 KEVmass
Unauthenticated .NET Deserialization RCE in Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX
CVE-2019-18935 is a .NET deserialization flaw (CWE-502) in the RadAsyncUpload function of Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX through version 2019.3.1023. It is triggered when an attacker who knows the Telerik upload encryption keys — most commonly because the earlier flaws CVE-2017-11317 or CVE-2017-11357 exposed them, though keys can be obtained by other means — sends crafted serialized data to RadAsyncUpload, allowing remote code execution without authentication. Successful exploitation gives an attacker arbitrary code execution on the hosting IIS/ASP.NET web server, reflected in the critical 9.8 CVSS score. Any web application built with Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX at or below 2019.3.1023 is affected, unless 2019.3.1023 has the non-default hardening setting enabled (as of 2020.1.114 a default setting prevents the exploit). Exploitation is rampant in the wild: the flaw was added to CISA KEV on 2021-11-03 with known ransomware use, carries a 99.7% EPSS probability of exploitation, has multiple public exploits (Bishop Fox, RAU_crypto, noperator), and has been used by multiple threat groups — including ransomware and government-linked actors — to breach organizations including a U.S. federal agency.
· Telerik (Progress) UI for ASP.NET AJAX All versions through 2019.3.1023 (RadAsyncUpload exploitable when encryption keys are known; 2019.3.1023 requires a non-default setting to prevent exploitation; KEV ransomware PoC ×4large
Unauthenticated .NET Deserialization RCE in Ajax.NET Professional (ajaxpro.2)
Ajax.NET Professional (distributed as the ajaxpro.2 package) is vulnerable to insecure deserialization (CWE-502): it deserializes arbitrary .NET classes supplied by the client without validating which types may be instantiated. Because AjaxPro exposes HTTP endpoints for browser-to-server AJAX calls, a remote, unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted serialized payload to any reachable AjaxPro endpoint and abuse .NET deserialization gadget chains to execute code on the server. Successful exploitation yields full remote code execution with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8, network vector, no privileges or user interaction required). Any application running any version of ajaxpro.2 / Ajax.NET Professional is affected; the provided data specifies no fixed version, so defenders must rely on vendor guidance for patched releases. The flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2026-08-26, carries an EPSS 30-day exploitation probability of 83.6%, has public PoC code available, and Talos Intelligence reporting links it to the Chinese-speaking threat actor UAT-10147, which deploys the SPECTRE malware with an EDR bypass and a Linux rootkit in post-compromise operations.
· michaelschwarz (ajaxpro.2 project) ajaxpro.2 (package) All versions are vulnerable; no fixed version specified in the provided data · michaelschwarz Ajax.NET Professional All versions are vulnerable; no fixed version specified in the provided data KEV PoC ×2
Improper Locking Memory Corruption in Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, watchOS
CVE-2025-43510 is an improper locking flaw (CWE-667) in Apple's operating systems that leads to memory corruption, addressed by improved lock state checking. It is triggered locally: a malicious application already running on the device can cause unexpected changes in memory shared between processes, with the CVSS vector (AV:L, UI:R) indicating user interaction is required but no privileges needed beforehand. Successful exploitation could corrupt or expose cross-process shared memory, yielding high impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS 3.1 score 7.8), and such shared-memory corruption bugs in Apple's OSes are commonly leveraged as steps in chained attacks such as sandbox escapes. All users of iOS, iPadOS, macOS (Sonoma, Sequoia, and Tahoe branches), tvOS, visionOS, and watchOS on versions earlier than the fixed releases are affected. The vulnerability is being exploited in the wild: CISA added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2026-03-20 with a federal patching deadline of April 3, 2026, and news reports describe an active iOS exploit kit ('DarkSword') using multiple Apple flaws, including zero-days, in global attacks.
· Apple iPhone OS (iOS) All versions prior to iOS 18.7.2 and prior to iOS 26.1 · Apple iPadOS All versions prior to iPadOS 18.7.2 and prior to iPadOS 26.1 KEVmass
Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in Sudo Enables Local Privilege Escalation (CVE-2021-3156)
CVE-2021-3156 is an off-by-one error (CWE-193) in the Unix Sudo utility that causes a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in Sudo's handling of command-line arguments. It is triggered locally when an unprivileged user invokes Sudo with specially crafted arguments, requiring no special privileges or non-default configuration. A successful exploit allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code as root, achieving full local privilege escalation on the host. Any Linux, Unix, or other system running a vulnerable version of Sudo is affected, and because Sudo ships by default on virtually all such systems the potential footprint is enormous. The flaw is listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2022-04-06) and carries a 100% EPSS probability of exploitation within 30 days, indicating active in-the-wild exploitation, though specific ransomware use is unknown.
· Sudo Version range not specified in source data; publicly documented affected range is Sudo 1.8.2 through 1.9.5p1, fixed in 1.9.5p2 KEV PoC ×12mass
Race Condition in Red Hat libuser Allows Local Privilege Escalation
CVE-2015-3246 is a race condition in Red Hat's libuser, the user-management library used by utilities that modify system accounts, that can cause corruption of the /etc/passwd file during concurrent account updates. An authenticated local user who triggers the race — typically by racing account-modification operations against one another — can desynchronize or corrupt the passwd file. Successful exploitation yields either a denial-of-service condition on the host or, in the privilege-escalation case, elevated (root-level) access by manipulating entries in /etc/passwd. Any Red Hat system shipping the vulnerable libuser library is affected, with risk concentrated on multi-user servers where untrusted local accounts exist. The flaw was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2026-08-26, indicating it is being exploited in the wild, and EPSS assigns it an 8.8% probability of exploitation within 30 days (95th percentile); ransomware use is unknown and no public proof-of-concept is cataloged.
· Red Hat libuser Affected versions not enumerated in the source data; applies to libuser as shipped with Red Hat distributions and remediated via Red Hat security updates KEVmass
Nacos is a platform designed for dynamic service discovery and configuration and service management.
Nacos is a platform designed for dynamic service discovery and configuration and service management. In Nacos before version 1.4.1, when configured to use authentication (-Dnacos.core.auth.enabled=true) Nacos uses the AuthFilter servlet filter to enforce authentication. This filter has a backdoor that enables Nacos servers to bypass this filter and therefore skip authentication checks. This mechanism relies on the user-agent HTTP header so it can be easily spoofed. This issue may allow any user to carry out any administrative tasks on the Nacos server.
Linux kernel ESP-in-UDP decrypts in place over shared splice pages (CWE-123)
CVE-2026-43284 is a write-what-where memory-safety flaw (CWE-123) in the Linux kernel's xfrm/ESP (IPsec) code: the IPv4/IPv6 UDP datagram send paths fail to mark pages spliced into a UDP skb with SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG when MSG_SPLICE_PAGES attaches pipe pages, so the ESP input path wrongly treats the packet as privately owned and decrypts it in place over memory the skb does not exclusively own. It is triggered when locally generated UDP traffic built from spliced pipe pages is processed by the ESP decryption path, typically in IPsec NAT-traversal (ESP-in-UDP, UDP port 4500) configurations; the in-place decrypt can corrupt or expose data still referenced by the pipe or other owners of those shared pages. A local, low-privileged attacker can thereby cause high-severity confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact that extends beyond the packet itself (CVSS 3.1: 8.8, scope changed); no remote or unauthenticated trigger is described. Any Linux system running a kernel with the vulnerable UDP splice and ESP-in-UDP paths is affected, most importantly IPsec VPN gateways and clients; the advisory lists no affected version ranges. No public proof-of-concept or confirmed in-the-wild exploitation is known (not on CISA KEV), but EPSS assigns a 93.2% probability of exploitation within 30 days (100th percentile), so patching should not be deferred.
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